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Lecture 7

Energy and Thermodynamics

QuestionAnswer
Energy The ability to do work. Can only be transferred not created or destroyed
Work When a force acts on a body so there is a displacement in the direction of the force
Potential Energy Energy possessed as a result of location
Kinetic Energy Energy associated with the motion of objects
Thermodynamics Study of energy transformations
1st Law of Thermodynamics Energy can be transferred and transformed, cannot be created or destroyed
2nd Law of Thermodynamics Every transfer of energy increases the entropy of the universe
Entropy Measure of disorder
Free Energy Portion of a system's energy that can perform work. ΔG=ΔH-TΔS
Metabolism Totality of an organism's chemical reactions catabolic and anabolic
Chemical Reaction Making/breaking of chemical bonds. Causes changes in the composition of matter
Catabolic Releases energy by breaking down complex molecules into smaller ones
Anabolic Consumes energy by synthesizing complex molecules
Exergonic Spontaneous chemical reaction, net release of energy
Endergonic Non-spontaneous, free energy is absorbed from surroundings
ATP Adenosine Triphosphate. Releases free energy when phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed
Phosphorylation Addition of phosphate group to a protein. Turn enzymes on or off
Enzymes Macromolecules serving as a catalyst. Increase rate of reaction without being consumed. Mostly proteins
Activation Energy Amount of energy reactants must absorb before chemical reaction will start
Substrate The reactant on which an enzyme works
Active Site Specific region of enzyme that binds to substrate
Competitive Inhibitor Reduces activity of enzyme by binding to active site
Non-Competitive Inhibitor Reduces the activity of enzyme by binding to a location remote from active site. Changes the shape of enzyme so that it can no longer catalyze
Created by: 831425276
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