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Psychology Ch. 11
The Voyage Through the Life Span: Adolescence and Adulthood
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The period of life bounded by puberty and the assumption of adult responsibilities | Adolescence |
| The period of physical development during which sexual reproduction first becomes possible | Puberty |
| Characteristics that distinguish the genders, such as distribution of body hair and depth of voice, but that are not directly involved in reproduction | Secondary Sex Characteristics |
| The beginning of menstruation | Menarche |
| Piaget's fourth stage, characterized by abstract logical thought; deduction from principles | Formal-Operational Stage |
| An aspect of adolescent egocentrism; the belief that other people are as concerned with our thoughts and behaviors as we are | Imaginary Audience |
| Another aspect of adolescent egocentrism; the belief that our feelings and ideas are special and unique and that we are invulnerable | Personal Fable |
| According to Kohlberg, a period during which moral judgments are derived from moral principles and people look to themselves to set moral standards | Postconventional Level |
| Erikson's fifth stage of psychosocial development, in which the life crisis involves the development of a firm sense of who one is what one stands for (ego identity) or lack of clarity in one's life roles (role diffusion) | Ego Identity vs. Role Diffusion |
| In Marcia's system, active questioning and searching among alternatives in the quest to establish goals, values, or beliefs | Exploration |
| In Marcia's system, a stable investment in one's goals, values, or beliefs | Commitment |
| In Marcia's system, lack of a sense of who one is or what one stands for, with no active exploration | Identity Diffusion |
| In Marcia's system, the automatic adoption of a point of view held by authority figures in one's life | Foreclosure |
| In Marcia's system, an identity status that characterizes those who are actively exploring alternatives in an attempt to from an identity | Moratorium |
| In Marcia's system, an identity status that characterizes those who have explored alternatives and have developed commitments | Identity Achievement |
| The achievement of "grown-up" status as marked by factors such as being of "legal" age, psychological separation from one's family of origin, and financial independence | Adulthood |
| A theoretical period of development, spanning the ages of about 18 to 25, in which young people in developed nations engage in extended role exploration or preparation | Emerging Adulthood |
| Proposed stage of cognitive devel. in which the indiv. has achieved knowledge that judgments of people & behavior are made w/in certain value systems has begun to narrow infinite possibilities n2 practical choices & has overcome egocentrism of adolescence | Postformal Stage |
| Levinson's term for the overriding drive of youth to become someone important, to leave one's mark on history | The Dream |
| Erikson's life crisis of early adulthood, which is characterized by the task of developing abiding intimate relationships | Intimacy vs. Isolation |
| Levinson's term for the ages from 28-33, which are characterized by reassessment of the goals and values of the 20s | Age-30 Transition |
| The cessation of menstruation | Menopause |
| One's lifetime of intellectual achievement as shown largely through vocabulary and knowledge of world affairs | Crystallized Intelligence |
| Mental flexibility as shown in learning rapidly to solve new kinds of problems | Fluid Intelligence |
| Erikson's term for the crisis of middle adulthood, characterized by the task of being productive and contributing to younger generations | Generativity vs. Stagnation |
| Levinson's term for the ages from 40-45, which are characterized by a shift in psychological perspective from viewing ourselves in terms of the years we have left | Midlife Transition |
| A sense of depression and loss of purpose felt by some parents when the youngest child leaves home | Empty-Nest Syndrome |
| A crisis experienced by many people during the midlife transition when they realize that life may be more than halfway over and reassess their achievements in terms of their dreams | Midlife Crisis |
| A strong and clear sense of who one is and what one stands for | Identity Certainty |
| Feelings of self-confidence, self-efficacy | Confident Power |
| People in middle adulthood who are responsible for meeting the needs of their children yet also burdened by the needs of aging parents | Sandwich Generation |
| A condition characterized by clouding of the lens of the eye | Cataract |
| A condition characterized by abnormally high fluid pressure in the eye | Glaucoma |
| Loss of sharpness of hearing due to age-related degenerative changes in the ear | Presbycusis |
| A disorder in which the bones become more porous, brittle, and subject to fracture due to loss of calcium and other minerals | Osteoporosis |
| Temporary suspension of breathing while asleep | Sleep Apnea |
| A condition characterized by deterioration of cognitive functioning | Dementia |
| A progressive form of mental deterioration characterized by loss of memory, language, problem solving, and other cognitive functions | Alzheimer's Disease |
| Erikson's term for the crisis of late adulthood, characterized by the task of maintaining one's sense of identity despite physical deterioration | Ego Integrity vs. Despair |
| Knowledge or what is right and important, coupled with good judgment | Wisdom |
| Reshaping of one's life to concentrate on what one considers important and meaningful in the face of physical decline and possible cognitive impairment | Selective Optimization with Compensation |
| The state of deprivation brought about by the death of a family member or close friend | Bereavement |
| Emotional suffering resulting from a death | Grief |
| A customary method of expressing grief | Mourning |
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