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Chapter 12_

Botany

QuestionAnswer
taxonomy the science of the classification of organisms (identifying, naming and classifying organisms)
phylogeny the stud of the evolutionary relationships of organisms
taxon a group of organisms that is distinct enough to warrant a formal name, ranked in a definite category
artificial classification system classify organisms as an aid to identification without consideration of evolutionary relationships
Natural (Phenetic) classification system classify organisms based on overall similarity, similarity is the product of evolutionary history
phylogenetic classification system classify organisms based on evolutionary relationships (only monophyletic groups are recognized in cladogram)
cladogram diagrammatic representation of evolutionary relationships
monophyletic group (clade) an ancestor and all of its descendents
synapomorphies shared derived characters (define a monophyletic group)
life cycle the enitire sequence of phases in the growth and development of any organism from the time of zygote formation to gamete formation (includes both haploid (n) and diploid (2n) phases
gametic meiosis mulitcellular diploid stage, cell(s) in diploid individual undergo meiosis to produce haploid gametes (animals, some protists and algae [oomycota, fucus, mammals])
zygotic meiosis multicellular haploid stage, diploid zygote undergoes meiosis to produce gametes (fungi and some algae)
sporic meiosis alternation of generations - multicellular diploid and haploid stages, haploid spores produce multicellular gametophyte (plants, many algae)
gametophyte the haploid (n), gamete producing generation
sporophyte the diploid (2n), spore producing generation
Created by: Nicolekr
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