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Biology chapter 8

mitosis/ mieosis

QuestionAnswer
Adult Stem Cells Undifferentiated cells found in very small numbers among differentiated cells in a tissue or organ.
Binary fission a form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size.
Cancer a tumor in which the cells begin dividing at an uncontrolled rate and become invasive.
Cell Plate The precursor of a new plant cell wall that forms during cell division and divides a cell into two.
Centromere The region on the chromosome the holds the two sister chromatids together during mitosis.
Chromosome In a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA
Crossing Over The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosome during meiosis; can result in genetic recombination
Diploid a cell that contains two haploid sets of chromosomes.
Embryonic Stem Cells stem cells derived from embryos that develop from eggs that have been fertilized in vitro and then donated for research purposes.
Haploid Describes a cell, nucleus or organism that has only one set of unpaired chromosomes.
Histones a type of protein molecule found in the chromosome of eukaryotic cells but not prokaryotic cells.
Homologous Chromosomes Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes, that have the same structure, and that pair during meiosis.
Karyotype A micrograph of the array of chromosomes visible in a cell during metaphase; a graphical display that shows an individual's chromosomes arranged in homologous pairs and in order of diminishing size.
Sex cells a cell responsible for transmitting DNA to the next generation
Sister chromatids Two identical copies of a chromatid connected by a centromere.
somatic cells any biological cell forming the body of an organism; that is, in a multicellular organism, any cell other than a gamete, germ cell, gametocyte or undifferentiated stem cell.
Stem cell biological cells found in all multicellular organisms, that can divide (through mitosis) and differentiate into diverse specialized cell types and can self-renew to produce more stem cells.
synapsis the pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis
tetrad The four chromatids in a pair of homologous chromosomes that come together as a result of synapsis during meiosis
tumor a growth that arises from normal tissue but that grows abnormally in rate and structure and lacks a function.
Created by: juliavessell
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