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Micro Bug Parade 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| treponema pallidum (syphilis) | direct contact with lesions; 90% by sexual contact; congenital transfer |
| primary stage syphilis | usually a single (primary) lesion on cutaneous or mucous membrane surface; hard chancre: painless ulcer, raised borders; many spirochetes in chancre (infectious); appears within 3 wks/disappears 4-12wks; diagnosis: dark field or fluorescent antibodu |
| secondary stage syphilis | 3wks-6mo; fly-like symptoms (headache, sore throat, fever); body rash (including palms and sores); patient is infectious |
| latent stage syphilis | noninfectious stage; granulomatous lesions (gummas); many tissues can be involved (bones, skin, CNS: neurosyphilis); congential syphilis: intrauterine infections, results in miscarriages, bith defects, etc |
| borrelia sp | b. hermsii (relapsing fever, ticks); b. burgdorferi (lyme disease, ticks); b. recurrentis (relasping fever, lice) |
| relapsing fever - diagnosis | history; symptoms (chills, fever, rash); microscopy of blood smears (spirochetes) |
| relapsing fever - treatment | antibiotics (tetracycline) |
| relapsing fever - prevention | control rodent population; avoid tick bites; control lice |
| lyme disease - stage 1 | erythema migraines; circular (bulls eye) rash; fever; heachace |
| lyme disease - stage 2 | disseminated infection (after 2 weeks); many organs affected; can't find bacteria |
| lyme disease - stage 3 | chronic infection; arthritis; paralysis and seizures |
| lyme disease - diagnosis | microscopy of blood smears (easy to identify) but not usually seen serology sometimes works (ELISA) |
| lyme disease - treatment | tetracycline; erythromycin |
| lyme disease - prevention | avoid ticks; rodent control |
| leptospira sp. - basics | tight colis with a bend or hook at one or both ends |
| leptospira interrogans | infectious jaundice; weil's disease |
| leptospira interrogans - trasmission | animal reservoir/uring pollutes water; humans infected though skin lesions |
| leptospira interrogans - disease | immune complex disease; fever, headache, muslce aches, kidneys, liver; CNS may be involved; potentially fatal |
| leptospira interrogens - diagnosis | history; clinical signs; dark field; serology; culture |
| leptospira interrogans - treatment | penicillin, tetracycline |
| leptospira inerrogans - prevention | don't work in contaminated water; animal vaccine |
| rickettsia - basics | gram-; nonmotile coccobacilli; can only grow in live cells, not cultures; parasites of arthropods; zoonoses |
| 4 groups of rickettsia that cause human disease | spotted fever group; typhus group; Q fever; ehrlichiosis group |
| rickettsia - habitat | ticks/mites: direct innocuation though salvia (spot fever,ehr); fleas/lice: defecation or crushing releases the organisms form intestinal tract to human skin (typhus); inoculation Q fever; bite human = toxins, CNS damage, coma, rash, other damage |
| rickettsia prowazeckii | infection from human body louse; organisms invade endothelial cells of blood vessels; headache, fever, muscle aches, rash starting on truck and spread to hands/feet |
| rickettsia typhi | infected from rat flea; |
| ehrlichiosis | infect via tick bite; chills, fever, headache, muscle pains; nonspecific rash; most people recover |
| q fever (coxiella burnetti) | seen in people working with infected animals; results form inhaling spores in animal urine, feces, milk; symptoms sudden after 2-3wks; headache, chills, fever, muscle aches, pulmonary symptoms; subacute endocarditis |
| rickettsia sp. - diagnosis | clinical signs; history of exposure; id microorganisms/serology |
| rickettsia sp. - treatment | tetracycline, chloramphenicol |
| reickettsia sp. - prevention | avoid exposure; vaccine for epidemic typhus |
| chlamydia - taxonomy | intracellular gram- bacteria; obtain energy for growth from host cells; obligate, intracellular parasites |
| chlamydia - species in human | c. trachomatis: sexually tranmitted (human/human); c. pneumonia: pneumonia (human/human); c. psittici: pneumonia (bird/human) |
| chlamydia - growth/metabolism | lack peptidoglycan; obligate intracellular parasites (obtain energy from host cell) |
| chlamydia - EB | elementary bodies; small infectious particle is metabolically inset and is released by host cells; has rigid surface protein with many disulfide links that permits survival of the body outside the host cell |
| chlamydia - EB/RB | reticulate bodies, elementary bodies; once inside, EB changes into metabolically active RB; RB divides and makes more EBs; cell ruptures releasing EB |
| chlamydia - virulence factors | EBs can attach to epithelial cells on mucous membranes (conjunctiva, urethra, cervix, endometriu, fallopian tubes, respiratory tract); EBs and RBs can survive in host cells |
| chlamydia - serovars | surface antigens used to classify chlamydia trachomatis; specific fluorescent antibodies can be used to detect organisms in patient specimens |
| chlamydia - trachoma | diseases A-C; major cause of blindness; transmitted by fingers, flies, fomites, feces |
| chlamydia - inclusion conjunctivitis (adults) | D-K; assocaited with genital infections; can lead to corneal scarring and blindness |
| chlamydia - neonatal conjunctivitis | D-K; passage of infant through infect birth canal; persists for up to a month in not treated; may cause corneal scarring; erythromycin drops on babies when born so that if mother has chlamydia it doesn't get in their eyes |
| chlamydia - infant pneumonia | D-K; risk to infant passing though infected birth canal; EBs colonize URT leading to pneumonia |
| chlamydia - STD | D-K; much more prevalent that all other bacterial STDs; infection often asymptomatic; men may have nongonococcal urethritis; women: cervicitis, endometritis, PID; sterility in women if untreated |
| chlamydia - lymphogranuloma venereum | LGV1-3; STD; organisms usually gain entrance through minor abrasions/lacerations; lymph nodes near the primary focus swell with inflammatory cells to cause painful nodule; cause a major pathological infection (chronic ulcerative disease/blocks lymphatics) |
| chlamydia - diagnosis | fluorescent antibodies; DNA probes; culture (in tissue culture cells); serology is not very useful |
Created by:
shellieschaf
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