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Ch. 10 bio

zzch. 10

TermDefinition
mitosis the first stage of cell division which occurs in the cell nucleus
cytokinesis the second stage, division of the cytoplasm
mitosis is A-sexual because The cells produced by mitosis are genetically identical to the parent cell
chromosome thread like structure with in the nucleus containing the genetetic information that is passed from one generation to the next
chromatid one of two identical sister parts of a duplicated chromosome
Three phases of interphase G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase
G1 Phase period of activity in which cells do most of their growing, during this phase cells increase in size and synthesize most of their organelles
S Phase Follows G1 phase, chromosomes are replicated and the synthesis DNA molecules take place. Key proteins associated with the proteins are also synthesized
G2 Follows the S phase, organelles and molecules required for cell division are produced
M Phase Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telephase
Prophase The condensed chromosomes become attached to fibers in the spindle at a point near the centromere of each chromatid.
At the end of prophase there is... no nucleolus and nuclear envelope breaks down
Metaphase Chromosomes line up across the center of the cell. Microtubules connect the centromere of each centromere to the 2 poles of the spindle
Anaphase Centromeres divide, chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the spindle and become individual chromosomes
When is anaphase over when the chromosomes stop moving
Telophase nuclear membrane forms around each group of chromosomes. Chromosomes unwinds. Cytokinesis begins.
Cytokinesis The process in which the cytoplasm divides, and one cell becomes two individual cells
Cytokinesis in animals Cell pinches inward and cleavage is formed
Cyclins Regulate the timing of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells
Two types of regulatory proteins Internal regulator and External regulator
Internal Regulators Proteins that are inside the cell
External Regulators Direct cells to speed up or slow down the cell cycle
During which phase do chromosomes become visible prophase
Formula for determining the surface area of something is... length X width X # of sides
Formula for determining the volume of something is... length X width X height
Formula for determining the ratio of surface area to volume is... surface area/volume
Created by: Kako
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