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Micro Bug Parade 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| pseudomonas - basics | aerobic; gram-; oxidase+ bacilli; pigmented green when grown on agar; smells like grapes; found everywhere in solid and water; transient residents of human host; opportunist |
| pseudomonas - species | p.aerogenosa; p. cepacia |
| pseudomonas - virulence factors | adhesins (pili etc); capsule; endotoxin (LPS); exotoxins (inhibits protein synthesis); antibiotic resistance |
| pseudomonas - diseases | pneumonia (cystic fibrosis patients); wound infection (burns); UTI (indwelling catheters); ear infections (swimmer's ear); eye infections (trauma, contacts); folliculitis (follicle inflammation, hot tubs); bacteremia and endocarditis |
| pseudomonas - diagnosis | culture (colony color, morphology); biochemical tests |
| pseudomonas - treatment | beta-lactam plus aminoglycosides; drug resistance is a problem |
| pseudomonas - prevention | treatment of water |
| stenotrophomonas maltophilia | resistant to most antibiotics; causes disease in debilitated patients with prolonged/multiple antibiotic therapy; organisms found in contaminated disinfectant solution; causes pneumonia;wound infections;UTI; treat with bactrim;easier to prevent than treat |
| pasteurellaceae - basics | oxidase+; gram- bacilli; not normal flora of intestine |
| hemophilus sp. - taxonomy/habitat | h. influenca and parinfluenzae; commensals on the mucous membranes of humans; URT; h. ducreyi: carried in GI tract; STD |
| hemophilus sp. - growth and metabolism | small, gram- coccobacilli; fastidious: difficult to grow; ned blood (heme: x factory); need (NADH (v factor); chocolate agar |
| hemophilus sp. - antigenic structure | polysaccharide capsule on many strains; antigenic serotypes A-F; h. influenzae (type B causes most human disease) |
| hemophilus sp. - virulence factors | capsule; contains ribose, ribitol, and phosphate (PRP: polyribitol-P); PRP vaccine has drastically reduced meningitis and epiglottitis in children |
| hemophilus sp. - disease | h. influenzae: type B causes meningitis, epiglottitis, titis, sinusitis, cellulitis, conjunctivitis; h. ducreyi: genital ulcers, chancriod; h. aegyptius: pink eye; h. parainfluenzae: infective endocarditis |
| hemophilus sp. - diagnosis | gram stain; culture; antigen detection; identification (biotype) |
| hemophilus sp. - treatment, prevention, control | cephalosporins, ampicillin, bactrim; vaccine for h. influenzae type B; rifampin for carriers (day care centers) |
| pasturella sp. - basics | small; gram-; oxidase+ bacilli; grow on blood agar; don't like bile salts; sensitive to penicillin; species infecting man is p. multicida; normal flora in URT of dogs and cats |
| pasturella sp. - virulence factors | not very virulent; can't cause disease unless they gain access via animal bite or scratch |
| pasturella sp. - diseases | usually localized to point of entry; except in immunocompromised patients; joints, respiratory tract, or CNS may be infected |
| bordetella sp. - basics | small; gram- coccobacilli; differentiated by biochemical reactions; antigenic structure growth of b. pertussis in vitro needs blood |
| bordetell sp. - important species | humans: b. pertussis (whopping cough); b. parapertussis (like whopping cough); dogs, pigs, humans: b. bronchiseptica (pulmonary disease) |
| bordetell sp. - transmission | spread through respiration and inhalation |
| bordetell sp. - antigenic structure | genus-specific "O" antigens; whole, heath killed bugs used as vaccine; new acellular vaccines utilize toxoid, fimbriae, hemagglutinin, or outer membrane proteins |
| bordetell sp. - virulence factors | adhesins (pili, hemagglutinin) - attach to epithelial cells; pertussis toxin: increase cAMP tracheal cytotoxin - disrupts cilia; LPS: (endotoxin) inflammation |
| whooping cough - attachment/incubation | rapid growth; inhibits cilia (tracheal toxin); bacteria and release eexotoxin |
| whooping cough - cararrhal stage | mild, cold-like symptoms (sneezing, coughing); most contagious stage; prodromal period |
| whooping cough - paroxysmal stage | sever coughing (20-30 cough sequence); whoop: inhaling though closed airway; vomiting; mucous build up (2nd degree pneumonia) |
| whooping cough - convalescent stage | slow recovery; cough less frequent and less severe; may have CNS complications |
| whooping cough - diagnosis | culture on selective media; colonial and microscopic morphology; serology (difficult to interpret) |
| whooping cough - treatment | mostly supportive; erythromycin for exposed persons |
| whooping cough - prevention | pertussis vaccine |
| francisella tulernesis - growth and metabolism | very small bacillus; gram- coccobacillus (stains poorly); require enriched media for growth |
| francisella tulernesis - habitat | spread by contact with infected animals or by bite of insects or ticks |
| francisella tularemia - basics | orgnaisms persist in intracellular environment in macrophages; spread occurs though both lymphatic and blood strea; fever, chills, malaise, skin ulcers, swollen lymph nodes; 10%die if untreated; glandular fever, tularemia, tick fever |
| francisella tularemia - treatment | gentamicin |
| francisella tularemia - prevention | attenuated vaccine |
| brucella sp. - basics | small, non motile, non-encapsulated, gram- coccobacilli; slow growing obligate anaerobes; non-fermenters; zoonotic spread |
| brucella sp. - antigenic structure | surface antigens (A and M); host develops strong antibody; response to organism can be used as diagnostic tool to determine infection |
| brucella sp. - virulence | infection by ingestion of dairy products or infected animals or inhalation; enter body though damaged skin or mucous membranes; organisms can survive within phagocytic cells; can inhibit PMNs; fever caused by LPS (endotoxin) |
| brucella sp. - diseases | recurrect bacteremias; undulant fever: body temp undulates between night and day (fluctuates between fever, normal, and subnormal) |
| brucella sp. - treatment | tetracyclines; aminoglycosides |
Created by:
shellieschaf
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