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virology 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Virus require an organism for propagation. Thus, what are they considered? | They are considered obligate intracellular parasites |
| What are virus made of? | Proteins, RNA or DNA, Lipids and fatty acids, Cofactors |
| What is virion? | It is mature virus released from a host cell which can infect and take over a host cell machinery. |
| How do virus replicate? | They are assembled, not go through division. |
| Classification of viruses is based on: | structure, genome, target tissue, mode of transmission or vector |
| What kind of DNA do virus have? | single stranded or double stranded, linear or circular |
| What kind of RNA do virus have? | Positive sense or Negative sense, or double-stranded which contains both positive and negative, or ambisense which is single stranded sontaining both positive and negative |
| What is ambisense? | It is viral RNA which is single stranded containing both positive and negative regions. |
| Structual proteins surround the ______ and form a protective layer around the ________. | genome, nucleic acid |
| What kind of virus have: capsid outer layer, icosahedral, rigid structure, resistant to drying, acid or detergents | Naked virus |
| What kind of outer layer naked virus have? | capsid |
| What kind of virus have: "clothed" capsid, membrane outside of the capsid | Enveloped virus |
| What kind of characteristics membrane of enveloped virus has? | It is readily disrupted by drying, acids, detergents or solvents. |
| What kind of process do virus have for replication in general? | expression, replication, spread of their genes |
| A particular disease may be caused by several viruses that have a common tissue preference. What is this preference called? | tropism |
| What are nonspecific early symptoms called? | prodrom |
| The simplest viral structures include _______ and _______ structures. | helical, icosahedral |
| The surface structures of the capsid and envelope mediate the interaction of the virus with the target cell through a ____________ or structure. | viral attachment protein (VAP) |
| Which, naked capsid or envelope, is environmentally stable and survive the adverse conditions? | naked capsid |
| Which ,naked capsid or envelope, is environmentally labile and be disrupted by acid or temperature? | envelope |
| Which, naked capsid or envelope, is released from cell by lysis? | naked capsid |
| Which, naked capsid or envelope, is released by budding and cell lysis? | envelope |
| Which, naked capsid or envelope, does not need to kill the cell to spread? | envelope |
| Which, naked capsid or envelope, slicits hypersensitivity and inflammation to cause immunopathogenesis? | envelope |
| What are composed virion envelope? | lipids, proteins, and glycoproteins. |
| What components of virion envelope be observed as spikes? | glycoproteins |
| most glycoproteins act as _______, capable of binding to structures on target cells. | Viral attachment protein(VAP) |
| Which component of virion envelope is major antigens that elicit protective immunity? | glycoproteins |
| What process initially determines which cells can be infected by a virus? | The binding of the VAPs or structures on the surface of the virion capsid to receptors on the cell. |
| What interactions between the VAPs and the cellular receptors initiate? | internalization |
| On which internalization depend on? | virion structure and cell type |
| How most nonenvelopeed viruses enter the cell? | By receptor-mediated endocytosis |
| How enveloped viruses enter the cell? | They fuse their membranes with cellular membranes to deliver the nucleocapsid or genome directly into the cytoplasm. |
| Where the genome of DNA viruses will be delivered? | to the nucleus |
| Where the most RNA viruses will be? | They remain in the cytoplasm |
| What is called the proteins which are produced in response to viral and other infections or on activation of the immune response? They promote antiviral and antitumor responses and stimulate immune responses. | Interferons |
| What are the proteins called which are produced by specific lymphoid and other cell types to stimulate and regulate other cells to activate and regulate the immune response? | Cytokines |
| What cause early responses immunopathologically? | interferon, cytokines |
Created by:
hiroko lucky
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