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Micro Bug Parade 1
Micro Bug Parade
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| brightfield (light) microscopy | .2 micrometers as small as you can see |
| darkfield microscopy | .02 micrometers; set up the light field so that the whole field is black except for a reflection area |
| different microscopy methods | brightfield, darkfield, phase-contrast, fluorescent, electron, direct examination |
| fluorescent microscopy | use fluorescent antibodies and dyes that we can use that can combine nucleic acids so that we can stain things with fluorescent dye |
| direct examination | KOH prep; differential stains; acid-fast stain; fluorescent stains |
| acid-fast stain | used to id mycobacterium |
| restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) | compare strains of microorganisms to detect DNA |
| genetic probes | detect nucleic acids in specimen in order to detect DNA |
| polymerase chain reaction (PCR) | increases sensitivity of genetic probes, amplify DNA, detection of DNA |
| serological techniques | collect serum and measure antibodies; compare acute and convalescent samples indirect method - useful when microorganisms can't be isolated supports clinical diagnosis; checks immune status of patient; also used for epidemiological use |
| appropriate, uncontaminated specimen | appropriate: if someone has sore throat, don't do urine sample uncontaminated: don't want there to be any normal flora so it isn't contaminated with other flora with other parts |
| correct transport | tube that the specimen goes in to transport it to the lab |
| obtaining specimens fro micro lab | appropriate, uncontaminated specimen correct transport media: delivered to lab promptly, lab should know presumptive diagnosis |
| liquid broth media | nutrient broth sample goes into bottle containing broth, then let it set into brother for a few days clear, but has all types of nutrients |
| solid media (agar) | becomes a gel so that the same can be poured into a petri dish |
| enriched media | grows most organisms |
| selective media | some grow, others "selected" against can prepare media so that you can grow some and others won't grow |
| differential media | distinguished different organisms (some media are selective-differential, appear as different colors in tests) |
| incubation conditions for media | atmosphere - aerobic, anaerobic |
| obtaining blood samples | need enough blood (~20mL); carefully apply antiseptic to skin before stick; need 2-3 specimen (intermittent bacteria); inoculate enriched broth media (2 bottles); gram staining of blood is worthless |
| intermittent bacteremia | looking for a blood stream infection; take multiple specimens at different times of the day |
| inoculate enriched broth media | 2 bottles; if you have bacteria in both, you have a better argument for bacteremia inoculate: put the blood from syringe and dispense it into the blood |
| CSF samples | used to diagnose meningitis (should be clear, cloudy if there is an infection); sediment is examined microscopically and cultured; important to get results to doc ASAP |
| normally sterile body fluids | abdominal (peritoneal) fluid; chest (pleural) fluid; joint (synovial) fluid; inoculate fluid into blood culture bottles and let grow |
| upper respiratory tract samples | anything above the epiglottis (most, throat, tonsils); collect with throat swab; culture on appropriate solid media |
| uses of blood agar with URT sample | fast immunoassay for strep throat |
| selective media with URT sample | neisseria gonorrohoeae, b. pertussis, c. diphtheria |
| lower respiratory tract samples | collect specimen of sputum; must contain PMS's (neutrophils) and squamous cells; use special media if suspect TB, fungi... |
| ear samples | usually all you need are ear canal scrapings; usually suspect pseudomonas or s. aureus |
| eye samples | collect specimen with sterile swab; not many microorganisms so culture immediately do no specimen is lost |
| wounds, abscess, and tissue samples | wounds frequently have contaminating microorganisms; culture from deep in would after surface clearing; scrape pus from base of abscess; important to culture area of active infection; may need tissue biopsy |
| urine samples | important to get clean catch; clean exterior and catch midstream urine flow; culture immediately or refrigerate; culture in both enriched and selective; diagnosis based on # and kinds of microorganisms detected |
| genital samples | culture techniques are slow and insensitive; better to use fluorescent antibodies for n. gonorrhoeae and chlamydia; molecular probes are also used t. pallidum (syph) can't be cultured so use darkfield or fluorescence |
| fecal samples | need adequate stool specimen; collect in clean pan and transfer to sealed container; send to lab ASAP; important to tell lab what you expect; for c. dif - assay for the toxin; results take 2-3 days; treat as suspected |
Created by:
shellieschaf
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