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Stack #1088815
Chapter 39
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| etiolated plants | A potato left growing in the darkness produces shoots that look unhealthy, and it lacks elongated roots |
| etiolation | Morphological adaptations for growing in darkness, collectively |
| phytochrome receptor | receptor capable of detecting light |
| general model for signaling pathways | 1.Reception 2. Transduction 3. Response |
| Ligands | Ligand binding to a receptor (receptor protein) alters its chemical conformation |
| Secondary messengers | small molecules and ions in the cell that amplify the signal and transfer it from the receptor to other proteins that carry out the response |
| Post-translation modification | -Modification of existing proteins in the signal response -involves the phosphorylation of specific amino acid -second messengers cCMP and Ca2+ activate protein kinase |
| Hormones | -Chemical signals that modify or control one or more specific physiological processes within a plant |
| The Role of Auxin in Cell Elongation | hormone stimulates cell growth, probably by binding to a receptor in the plasma membrane |
| expansins | -enzymes that loosen the wall's fabric |
| gibberellins | -have a variety of effects, such as stem elongation, fruit growth, and seed germination |
| apoptosis | type of programmed cell death |
| Two major classes of light receptors | Blue-Light photoreceptors and phytochromes |
| Chromophore Pr(Red light) | Red light triggers the conversion id P-red light to P-far-red light |
| Chromophore Pfr (Far-red light) | Far-red light triggers the conversion of P-far-red light to P-red -conversion to P-far-red light is faster than the conversion of p-red -Sunlight increase ratio of p-far-red to P-red and triggers germination |
| Circadian rhythms | -cycles that are about 24 hours long and are governed by an internal "clock" |
| Short-day plants | Plants that flower when a light period is short than a critical length |
| Long-day plants | Plants that flower when a light period is longer than certain number of hours |
| Vernalization | Pre-treatment with cold to induce flowering |
| Positive gravitropism | Roots |
| Negative gravitropism | Shoots |
| Thigmotropism | -growth is in response to touch because of action potentional |
| Phototropism | growth of shoot toward light or away from it |
| De-etiolation (activates enzyme) | -receptor is a phytochrome -function in photosynthesis directly -supply the chemical precursors for chlorophyll production -affect the levels of plant hormones that regulate growth |
| Photoperiod | -relative lengths of night and day, is the environmental stimulus plants use most often to detect the time of year |
| Gravitropism | Response to gravity |
| Statoliths | Plants may detect gravity by the settling of dense cytoplasmic components |
| Transduction | -Two types of second messengers plays important role in de-etiolation (Ca2+ and cGMP) -phytochrome receptor responds to light by opening Ca 2+ channels, increase levels in cytosol -activating an enzyme that produces cCMP |
| Chromophore | part of a molecule responsible for its color |
Created by:
pcao01
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