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Microbiology Chpt 20
Instructor Claudia Sellers
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who discovered penicillin? | Alexander Fleming |
| Why are fungal, protozoan, and helminthic infections more difficult to treat? | |
| What are the general properties of antibiotics effective against gram negative bacteria? | |
| What are the five modes of action used by antibiotics? | 1.Inhibitors of cell wall sythesis 2.Inhibitors of protein sythesis 3.Injury to the plasma membrane 4.Inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis 5.Competitive inhibitors of the synthesis of essential metabolites. |
| What differentiates penicillin molecules from one another? | |
| What are penicillins active against? | gram possitive |
| What is the source of natural penicillins? | |
| What are the disadvantages of natural penicillins? | Narrow spectrum of use & susceptible to β lactamase. |
| What is meant by the term semisynthetic? | |
| What type of penicillin are ampicillin and amoxicillin? | amino penicillin, broad spectrum. |
| What is potassium clavulanate? | |
| How do monobactams differ from beta lactams? | single ring instead of double. |
| How do bacitracin and vancomycin differ from penicillins? | |
| Which antibiotics are affective against mycobacterium and what are the modes of action? | Unique cell wall inhibits mycolic acit. |
| How do aminoglycosides act? | |
| How do tetracyclines act? | |
| How do cholramphenicol act? | |
| How do macrolides act? | |
| Which type of antibiotics cause injury to the plasma membrane? | Isonizoid, triclosan, platenmycin, polymin β... |
| What is rufamyacin's mode action? | Mrna synthesis, good at penatrating tissue, good |
| Which antibiotics inhibit DNA gyrase? | Rifamycin, Quinolones Fluoroquinolones |
| How do sulfonamides act? | competitive |
| How do antifungal drugs act? | Inhibits ergosterol sythesis & inhibit cell synthesis (inhibits synthesis β-glucan) in hibits nuclecacid (rna sythesis) inhibits microtubles formation. |
| How do antiviral drugs act? | protease inhibitor, integrase inhibitor, entry inhibitors, fusion inhibitors, prevent spread to new cells, promotes interferon production. |
| How do antiprotozoan and antihelminthic drugs act? | Inhibits DNA synthesis, kills plamodiu,m sporozoites, interfers w/anaerobic metabolism. |
| What are the basics on the disk-diffusion method and the broth dilution tests. | The basics are how the tests work to determine antibiotic susceptibility. |
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Shellzzz
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