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Lecture 5
Eukaryotic Cell Structure
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Central Vacuole | Large membranous sac with roles such as growth, storage and sequestration of toxins |
| Centrosome | In cytoplasm of animals. Microtubule organizing centre |
| Chloroplast | Found in plants cells, absorb sunlight and use it to drive synthesis of organic compounds |
| Cytoskeleton | Network of microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments. Serves as mechanical transport and signalling |
| Dynein | Motor protein extending from microtubules |
| Myosin | Motor protein associates with filaments and actin filaments to cause cell contraction |
| Kinesin | Motor protein, moves along microtubule filaments powered by hydrolysis of ATP |
| Endomembrane System | Collection of membranes inside Euk. cell. Plasma membrane, nuclear envelope, smooth and rough ER, Golgi, lysosomes, vesicles, vacuoles |
| ER | Continous with nuclear membrane, rough (ribosome-studded) and smooth (no ribosomes) |
| Endosymbiotic Theory | States that MT and CP originated as Prok. cells engulfed by Euk. cell. Evolved into single organisms |
| Golgi | Organelle of Euk. cell. Consists of stacks of membranous sacs that modify, store and route products |
| Integrins | Receptor protein, connects the extracellular matrix and cytoskeleton |
| Intermediate Filament | Part of cytoskeleton, between microtubules and microfilaments in size |
| Keratin | Fibrous structural protein, forms skin, hair and nails |
| Lysosomes | Membrane enclosed sac of enzymes |
| Microfilament | Composed of actin proteins. Makes up part of the cytoskeleton. Acts with myosin to cause contractions |
| Microtubule | Composed of tubulin proteins, makes up cytoskeleton and found in cilia and flagella |
| Mitochondria | Site of cell. resp. Uses oxygen to break down organic molecules and synthesize ATP |
| Nuclear Envelope | Double membrane that surrounds the nucleus. Porous to help regulate traffic |
| Nuclear Lamina | Protein filaments. Line inner surface of nuclear envelope. Helps maintain shape |
| Nucleolus | Chromosomal regions containing ribosomal RNA genes and proteins imported from cytoplasm |
| Nucleus | Cell that contains genetic makeup of chromosomes. Made up of chromatin |
| Peroxisome | An organelle containing enzymes that transfer H atoms from various substrates to oxygen |
| Ribosome | Complex of rRNA and protein molecules that function as a site of protein synthesis |
| Vacuole | Membrane bound vesicle, its function varies in different cells |
| Vesicles | Membranous sac in cytoplasm |
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