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Microbiology Chpt 19

Instructor Claudia Sellers

QuestionAnswer
Describe the mechanism of typeI immediate hypersensitivity anaphylaxis. IgE attached to mast cells & basophils. Antigen binds to 2 adjacent IgE. Mast cell & basophils undergo degranulation, which releases mediators: Histamine, leukotrienes, protaglandis, & kinins.
Explain how allery skin tests work
Describe the mechanism of cytotoxic reactions and how drugs can induce them.
Describe the bases of the ABO and Rh blood group systems.
Blood group
Blood transfusion
Hemolytic disease of the newborn
Describe the mechanism of immune complex reactions. Eg: lupus
Describe the mechanism of cell mediated reactions and give 2 examples. Eg: poison ivy
Describe a mechanism for self-tolerance.
Give an example of type II, type III, type IV autoimmune disease. type II:cytotoxic type III:immune complex type IV: cell mediated.
Explain the importance of HLA in tissue transplants.
Explain how rejection of a transplant is prevented.
Explain how gravt v. host disease occurs. Eg: ape bone marrow to HIV patient.
Describe the immune responses to cancer and how cancer cells evade immune responses.
Explain the attachment of HIC to host cell. gp41 g120
Describe the stages of HIV infection. ELISA
Describe how HIV is diagnosed. viral load
List routes of HIV transmission
List the current methods of preventing and treating HIV infection.
Systemic anaphylaxis Circulatory collapse and death
Localized anaphylaxis Hives, hay fever, and asthma
TypeII (cytotoxic) reaction Involves IgG/IgM antibodies and complement. Complememt activation causes cell lysis/damage by macrophages. Binding to an antigen outside of the cell.
TypeIII (immune complex) reactions IgG antibodies and antigens form immune complexes that lodge in bacement membranes. Soluable allergens floating around.
TypeIV (cell-mediated) reactions Delayed-type hypersensitivities due to T-cells. Cytokines attract macrophages and Tc cells *initiate tissue damage.
Created by: Shellzzz
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