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CHS Unit 2 Cells
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who discovered cells? | Robert Hook |
| What are the types of microscopes? | Light Microscope and Electron Microscope |
| What is the cell theory? | All livings things are composed of cells, cells are the most basic units and structure of things, new cells are produced from pre-existing cells |
| What are four things all cells have? | Genetic Codes, Cell membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes |
| What are one celled organisms called? | Unicellular |
| What are many celled organisms called? | Multicellular |
| What is prokaryote? | Cells that don't contain a nucleus |
| What is eukaryote? | Cells that do contain a nucleus |
| What is a cell membrane? | Barrier around all cells that lets materials in and out |
| What is a lipid bilayer? | Two layers of lipids that make up the cell membrane |
| What is a cell wall? | The barrier around plant cells and are made of carbs and proteins |
| What is a nucleus? | The structure that contains genetic codes and is a control center of the cell |
| What is nucleolus? | Makes ribosomes and is found in the nucleus |
| What is cytoplasm? | Fluid in the cells that provides an environment for the cell's materials |
| What is a cytoskeleton? | Protein skeleton of the cell that provides cell shape and more cells |
| What is a organelle? | Parts of the cell that keeps it functioning and alive |
| What is a chloroplast? | It performs photosynthesis in plant and protis cells |
| What is mitochondria? | Performs respiration in plant protist fungus and animal cells |
| What is endoplasmic reticulum? | Membrane sacks that surround the nucleus and extend to the cell membrane |
| What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum? | Rough ER(covered in ribosomes) and Smooth ER(no ribosomes) |
| What is the golgi apparatus? | Membrane sacks that package and move molecules, modify proteins, transports macro molecules and vesicules |
| What is a vesicule? | Membrane packages that transport macro molecules |
| What is vacuole? | Membrane package that stores molecules |
| What is a lysosomes? | Membrane packages that break down objects with digestive enzymes |
| What is a centriole? | Special microtubules that create movement and divide the cell |
| What determines special functions of cells? | The cell organelles and cell shape. |
| What is a gland cell? | ER golgi create/release hormones/vesicules |
| What is a muscle cell? | Mitochondria from movement energy |
| What is digestive / intestine cells? | Hormones for digestion |
| What is a nueron cell? | ER golgi create/release neurotransmitters |
| What are white blood cells? | Lysosomes for destroying |
| What is cellular transport? | The movement of molecules in / out of cells to keep cells alive and maintain homeostasis |
| What are the cell membrane parts? | Lipid bilayer and proteins |
| What are the membrane protein functions? | Transporting molecules / chemical receptors / adhesion / cell identification |
| What is fluid mosiac model? | Lipids and proteins cell membranes always move around |
| What is concentration? | The amount of molecule on one side of the membrane in relation to the other side |
| What is equilibrium? | Molecules will naturally move from an area greater concentration to lesser concentration until equal |
| What is passive transport? | The cell uses no energy to move molecules |
| What is active transport? | The cell must use energy to move molecules |
| What is diffusion? | The passive transport of molecules to achieve equilibrium |
| What is osmosis? | The diffusion of water molecules |
| What are the three effects of osmosis? | Isotonic; hypertonic; and hypotonic |
| What is isotonic? | Equal amount of solutes / equilibrium |
| What is hypertonic? | More solutes are outside the cell so water leaves the cell and shrivels up |
| What is facilitated diffusion? | Channel proteins help to passive transport larger molecules |
| What is exocytosis? | Molecules exit the cell in vesicle |
| What is endocytosis? | Molecules enter the cells through the creation of vesicles |
| What are two types of endocytosis? | Phagocytosis and pinocytosis |
| What is phagocytosis? | The cell membrane reaches outward and engulfs food or invaders |
| What is pinocytosis? | The cell membrane fold inward to pull fluids into the cell |
| What is an autotroph? | An organism that gets energy from either sunlight or chemical plus heat in order to produce its own food |
| What is heterotroph? | An organism that obtains energy from the food its consumes |
| What are three paths of energy? | Use in cellular energy; stored in cells; expelled in waste |
| What is a carbohydrate? | It provides sugar energy (called Glucose) |
| What is ATP? | Molecule that stores and releases energy in cellular processes |
| What is NADPH and NADH? | Molecules that carry and delivery excited electrons in cellular energy processes |
| What are the two basic types of energy processes? | Aerobic and anaerobic |
| What is aerobic? | Use oxygen to get energy |
| What is anaerobic? | Does NOT use oxygen to get energy |
Created by:
HarmonKaslow
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