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Plant body & tissues
Body organization and tissues
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The type of plant body that contains naked seeds on the scale surface. Known as conifers or bear cones. | gymnosperms |
| Pines, spruce, fir, and junipers are all examples of? | gymnosperms |
| This type of plant keeps its seeds enclosed inside reproductive structures. known as a flowering plant and can be categorized into 2 subgroups. | angiosperms |
| daisy, pear, and wheat are examples of a? | angiosperm |
| Angiosperms are made up of 2 subgroups known as | Monocots & Dicots |
| an angiosperm that contains only 1 cotyledon is? | monocot |
| an angiosperm containing 2 cotyledons | dicot |
| small herbs, grass, lily, iris, cattail, rice, oats, corn, onions, coconuts, orchid, and bananas are all? | monocots |
| herbs, shrubs, trees, maple, oak, hickory, buttercup, rose, peas, beans, and squash are all? | dicots |
| the stem, its branches, leaves, flowers, fruit, and seeds found above ground is called? | shoot system |
| the root and its branches that are found below ground are called | root system |
| elongation and production of branches and leaves at the tips of the roots and shoots is known as | primary growth |
| increase in girth at the lateral edges of the roots and the shoots is known as | secondary growth |
| filler tissues that provide the bulk of the plant between other tissues types are referred to as | ground tissues |
| Parenchyma, Chlorenchyma, Collenchyma, and Sclerenchyma are all types of? | ground tissues |
| transport tissue known as veins of leaves & wood trees is called | vascular tissues |
| covering and surface tissues are? | Dermal Tissues |
| These tissues give rise to all the other tissue types and stay embryonic throughout a plants life. | Meristem Tissues |
| Parenchyma, Chlorenchyma, Collenchyma, & Sclerenchyma are all types of? | Ground Tissues |
| The most abundant ground tissue used for metabolism, secretion, & storage and can repair damage to a plant is called? | Parenchyma |
| The ground tissue used for photosynthesis of the parenchyma and creates green leaves and stems is called? | Chlorenchyma |
| These ground tissues used for support and the protection of the vascular bundles, have pectin in their walls and are cylindrical found near the outer edge of stems and stalks are called | Collenchyma |
| Rigid strands, sheets or patches of cells containing lignin and can be broken down to 2 parts: fibers and sclereids are called? | Sclerenchyma |
| Long tapered cell found in the outer edges of stems and leaf stalks; provide support and protection to the vascular bundles. ex. hemp, flax, rope, textiles. | Fibers |
| Hard stony cells, protecting the plant parts. ex. pits, stones, seeds, nutshells, the grit of pears. | Sclereids |
| Xylem and Phloem are parts of what tissue? | Vascular Tissues |
| This part of the vascular tissue transports water, minerals, & small molecules. generally it flows upwards. these cells die when mature and functional, at 2nd growth lignin thickens the cell walls and adds support. | Xylem |
| Tracheids, Vessel Elements, and Rays are all components of? | Xylem |
| Long tapered cells laid end to end forming tubes contain perforation plates and pits; can be found in both gymnosperms and angiosperms are called? | Tracheids |
| bars across an open ended cell to filter large things from continuing up the stalk are? | perforation plates |
| in the secondary growth a thickened cell wall that promotes lateral diffusion of substances is called? | Pits |
| Found only in angiosperms these short, fat pipes have pits but no perforation plates and have open ends when dead and functional | Vessel Elements |
| These make and store resins are used for food storage and lateral conduction? | Rays |
| This protects plants from insects and pathogens and is the source of many products. ex. turpentine, chewing gum | Resins |
| This vascular tissue transports foods, sugars, and large molecules generally in a downward direction; these cells are alive when functional and are thinner walled. | Phloem |
| Found in an angiosperm containing no nucleus when mature and functional, form tubes end to end and are short and wide? | Sieve tube elements |
| Plasmodesmata pass thru large pores or cluster pores at the end of the cell this happens where? | Sieve plates |
| Used for lateral diffusion these are clusters of openings on the sides? | Sieve Areas |
| Sieve tube elements, companion cells, and sieve cells are found in ? | Phloem |
| Found in angiosperms adjacent to the sieve tube elements, have a nucleus when mature and functional and controls both cells is called? | Companion cells |
| found in gymnosperms, small sieve pores and plates, does not have a sieve area or companion cells | Sieve cells |
| A layer of flat, tightly packed, brick like cells that covers leaves, young stems, and roots? | Epidermis |
| outer layer of the epidermis, non cellular, retards water entry and loss, none in roots, resists microbes, fungi, & insects? | Cuticle |
| any type of outgrowth from the epidermal cells is called? | Trichomes |
| List the different types of trichomes. | hooks, barbs, sticky tips, toxins, & digestive enzymes. |
| long microvilli that increase surface area for absorption are called? | root hair cells |
| these cells guard the entance to the stomata and regulate the water vapor, o2, & co2 entry and loss are called? | guard cells |
| replaces epidermis in the second stage of growth. | Periderm |
| the outer layer of cells containing suberin(which waterproofs the cell) and is non living when mature is called? | Cork |
| the inner layer of cells known as living parenchyma are called? | phelloderm |
| Tips of roots and shoots that are responsible for the first stage of growth are called? | Apical Meristem |
| sides of roots and stems that are responsible for the second stage of growth in gymnosperms and dicots only are called? | Lateral Meristem |
| this is where the inner layer becomes the second stage xylem and the outer becomes the second stage phloem? | Vascular Cambium |
| this is where the inner layer becomes phelloderm & the outer layer becomes periderm? | Cork Cambium |
| found between mature stem regions & at bases of flowers in monocots only. allows for regrowth of a cut stem, in example grass. | Intercalary Meristem |
| seed coat, cotyledons, and embryo's are all parts of a? | seed |
| this part of the seed is tough to protect it while dormant and inactive? | Seed coat |
| this section of the seed stores food for the embryonic plant? | cotyledons |
| a tiny root and shoot are called | embryo |
| this becomes the root | hypocotyl |
| this becomes the shoot | epicotyl |
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