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Unit 2 biology

Unit two Test

QuestionAnswer
What are the four biomolecules? 1. Carbohydrates 2. lipids 3. proteins 4. nucleic acids
Carbohydrates... are a class of molecules that include sugars, starches, and fiber.
What are carbohydrates made up of? Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
What are the carbohydrate's functions? 1. Supply energy 2. Provide structural support 3. Aide in cell recognition
What are lipids? A class of molecules that include fats, phospholipids, steroids, and waxes.
What are lipid's functions? 1. Store energy for future use 2. Provides a water barrier.
Proteins... are made up of one or more chains of amino acids.
Amino acids... are the building blocks that are connected in a specific order to make up a protein
What is a peptide bond? A bond used to connect amino acids together in a chain.
What is a nucleic acid? A long chain of necleotides.
What is a nucleotide? A molecule made up of three parts: a sugar, a base, and a phosphate group.
What are the nucleic acid's functions? 1. Store and transmit heredity info. 2. Carry energy in the form of ATP.
What does the cell theory state? 1. All living things are made up of one or more cells. 2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in organisms. 3. All cells arise from existing cells.
Prokaryotics are... 1. unicellular 2. Lack a membrane -bound nucleus 3. evolved before eukaryotes
Eukaryotics are... Unicellular or multicellular
What is an organelle? A small structure found in the cytoplasm of a cell that performs a specific function.
A cell membrane... is an outer boundary that encloses and separates the cell interior.
The cytoskeleton... consists or microscope fibers that provide structure and support.
The nucleus... stores DNA that contains info that tells the cell how to make proteins.
The nuclear envelope... covers the nucleus and is where materials can enter and leave the nucleus.
The nucleolus... is an inner compartment of the nucleus where ribosomal RNA is made.
What is the cytoplasm? The liquid inside the cell where organelles float.
The golgi apparatus... packages and sorts proteins
The ribosome... is the site of protein synthesis, where proteins are made.
Lysosomes... digests old organelles and foreign substances
The mitochondria... is the powerhouse of the cell that makes ATP (ENERGY).
What is a phospholipid? A specialized lipid made of a phosphate "head" and two fatty acid "tails".
The phosphate head is the... hydrophilic
The fatty acid tail is... hydrophobic
What is a lipid bilayer? Phospholipids that form a double layer
What are the two types of cell transport? Passive and active transport.
What is osmosis? Movement of water across a membrane
What is hypertonic? Higher solute concentration outside of the cell.
What is hypotonic? Lower solute concentration outside of the cell.
What is isotonic? Same solute concentration inside and outside of the cell. Water moves in and out of the cell at the same rate.
How do cells communicate? By using their receptor proteins found in the lipid bilayer.
What are the three steps to cell communication? 1. A signal molecule binds to the receptor. 2. The receptor protein changes shape. 3. Triggers a change in the cell membrane.
what is an autotroph? Organisms that are able to perform photosynthesis
What is a heterotroph? Organisms that MUST consume other organisms for food.
ATP... is a molecule that provides a cell with the energy it needs to function.
Photosynthesis... is when plants using light energy and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and glucose (sugar)
Chlorophyll... is the green pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy to start the process of photosynthesis.
What are two stages of photosynthesis? 1. light reactions 2. dark reactions
What affects photosynthesis? 1. Light intensity 2. Carbon dioxide concentration 3. Temperature
Cellular Respiration... is the process by which cells produce energy from carbohydrates.
What are the two types of cellular respiration? 1. Aerobic respiration ~Requires oxygen 2. Anaerobic respiration ~Doesn't need oxygen
Fermentation... is the breakdown of carbohydrates (sugars) by enzymes, bacteria, yeasts, or mold in the absence of oxygen.
Where does cellular respiration occur? Mitochondria
What are the three stages of respiration? 1. Glycosis 2. Krebs Cycle 3. Electron Transport chain
endocytosis.. is the movement of a substance INTO a cell by a vesicle
exocytosis... Movement of a substance by a vesicle to the OUTSIDE of a cell
Microscopes allowed us to see inside the cell, which led to formation of what? Cell theory
Microscopes allowed us to see inside the cell, which led to formation of what? Cell theory
The endoplasmic reticulum... is a system of membrane that serves as a transport system for the materials within a cell
Created by: TheRabbitBell
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