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biology143
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| phenotype | apperance or observable traits |
| Genotype | genetic makeup |
| Allele | alternative versions of a gene |
| Autosomes | a chromosome that is not directly involved in determining sex; not a sex chromosome |
| Recessive | has no noticeable effect on the organism's apperance |
| Dominant | determines the organism's appearance |
| Monohybrid | heterozygous for one character |
| Dihybrid | individuals heterozygous for two characters |
| Gamete | transmit genes from one generation |
| Heterozygous | organism that has 2 different alleles for a gene |
| Homozygous | organism that has a pair of identical alleles for a character |
| Karyotype | the resulting order that is displayed |
| Codominance | two alleles both affect the phenotype in seperate, distinguishable ways |
| incomplete dominance | neither allele is completely dominant, F1 hybrids have a phenotype between those two parental varieties. |
| Complete dominance | when one allele shows dominance over another |
| Locus | a specific place along the length of a chromosome where a given gene is located |
| Epistasis | at gene at one locus alters the phenotypic expression of a gene at the second locus |
| polygenic inheritance | an additive effect of two or more genes on a single phenotypic character |
| Multiple alleles | most genes exist in more than two allelic forms, ABO blood types- IA, IB, i. (group) Person: (A, B, AB, O ) |
| Pleiotropy | multiple phenotypic effects. |
| Kinetochore | a structure of proteins attached to the centromere that links each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle |
| Centrosome | structure present in the cytoplasm of animal cells, important during cell division, functions as a micro-tubule organizing center; has two centrioles |
| Centromere | the specialized region of the chromosome where two sister chromatids are most closely attached |
| Centriole | a structure in the centrosome of an animal e composed of cylinders of microtubule triplets arranged in a 9+0 pattern. has a pair of centrioles |
| Germ cell | specialized cells that form gametes |
| Zygote | the diploid product of the union of haploid gametes during fertilization; a fertilized egg |
| Gamete | a haploid reproductive cell, such as an egg or sperm. gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote |
| Haploid | a cell containing only one set of chromosomes |
| Diploid | a cell containing two sets of chromosomes, one set is inherited from each parent |
| Somatic Cell | any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg cell |
| Sex cell | egg or sperm |
| F1, F2,F3 generations | 1.) the first filial, or hybrid, offspring in a series of genetic crosses 2.) Offspring resulting from interbreeding of the hybrid F1 3.) the result of the breeding of the F2 generation |
| Truebreeding | Referring to plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate |
| advantage of sexual reproduction | more genetic variation, and survival |
| mitosis | I,P,P,M,A,T(C), 2 diploid daughter cells |
| meiosis | sex cells, same process as mitosis but 2 stages (1 homologous chromosomes are separated but sisters stay together) (2 separate the sister chromatids, |
| if a cell cant pass a G1 checkpoint | goes to G0 checkpoint; resting |
| Protein Kinase | activates or inactivates proteins by adding a phosphate group, phosphorylation, changes the shape |
| X chromosome inactivation | Barr Body, one chromosome in each female becomes inactivated during embryonic development |
| reciprocal chromosomal translocation | flip genes between two chromosomes |
| Chromosomes replicated | Gap 2 of interphase |
| DNA replicated | S phase |
| Anchorage dependent | to divide have to attach to a substratum |
| Density Dependent inhibition | crowded cells stop replicating |
Created by:
Dev0325
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