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MD 6 The Cell
Biology info from MD 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The Function of Cells | To support and maintain life |
| 11 Cell Functions | Biosynthesis, Absorption, Digestion, Respiration, Excretion, Egestion, Secretion, Movement, Irritabilitiy (senses), Homeostasis, Reproduction |
| Absorption | Transport of dissolved substances into cells |
| Digestion | Breakdown of absorbed subtances |
| Respiration | Breakdown of food molecules with release of energy |
| Excretion | Removal of soluble waste |
| Egestion | Removal of nonsoluble waste |
| Secretion | Release of biosynthesized substances |
| Homeostasis | Maintaining the status quo |
| Reproduction | Producing more cells |
| Cytology | The study of cells |
| Cell wall | Rigid structure on the outside of certain cels, usully plant and bacteria |
| Describe the cell wall | Made of cellulose and pectin, and full of pores |
| Middle lamella | Thin film between the cell wasls of adjacent plant cellsq |
| Plasma Membrane | Semipermeable membrane between cell contents and either the cell wall or cell surroundings |
| Cytoplasm | Jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended |
| Ions | Substances in which at least one atom has an imbalance of protons or electrons |
| Cytoplasmic Streaming | The motion of cytoplasm in a cell that reults in a coordinated movement of the cell's components |
| Mitochondrion | Organelles in which nutrients are converted to energy |
| Lysosome | Organelle in animal cells responsible for hydrolysis reactions that break down proteins, polysaccharides, disaccharides and some lipids |
| Ribosomes | Non-membrane-bounded organelles responsible for protein synthesis |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | (ER) Organelle comosed of an externsive netowrk of folded membranes that performs several tasks within a cell |
| Rough ER | ER that is dotted with ribosomes |
| Smooth ER | Er that has no ribosomes |
| Leucoplasts | Organelles that store starches or oils |
| Chromoplasts | Organelles that contain pigments used in photosynthesis |
| Where are plastids found? | Only in plant, algae, and some protozoa cells |
| Central Vacuole | Large vacuole that rests at the center of most plant cells and is filled with a highly-concentrated solution |
| Waste Vacuoles | Vacuoles that contain the waste products of digestion |
| Phagocytic Vacuole | Vacuole which holds the matter which a cell engulfs |
| Phagocytosis | Process by which a cell engulfs foreign objects or other cells |
| Pinocytic Vesicle | Cesicle formed at the plasma membrane to allow the absorption of large molecules |
| Secretion Vesicle | Vesicle that holds the secretion products so that they can be transported to the plasma membrane |
| Golgi Bodies | Organelles where proteins and lipids are stored and then modified to suit the cell's needs |
| Microtubes | Spiral strands of protein molecules that form a tubelike structure |
| Nuclear Membrane | Highly-porous membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm |
| Chromatin | Clusters of DNA, RNA, and proteins in the cell's nucleus |
| Cytoskeleton | Network of fibers that hold the cell together, help the cell keep its shape, and aid in movement. |
| Microfilaments | Fine, threadlike proteins in the cytoskeleton |
| Intermediate filaments | Trheadlike proteins in the cell's cytoskeleton, roughly 2x as thick as mircofilaments |
| Cytoskeleton is made of | Microtubes, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments |
| Phosolipd | Lipid in which one of the fatty acid molecules has been replaced by a molecule with a phosphate group |
| Passive Transport | Movement of molecuels through the plasma membrane according to osmosis or diffusion |
| When proteins are attraced to a carbohydrate... | ...they are called Glycoproteins |
| When proteins are attracted to a phosolipid... | ...they are called Glycolipids |
| Active Transport | Movement of milecules through the plasma membrane (usually opposite osmosis or diffusion) aided by a process that requires energy |
| Isotonic Solution | Solution in which the concentration of solutes is essentially equal to that of the cell which resides in the solutionHypertonic |
| Hypertonic Solution | Solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater than that of the cell that resides in the solution |
| Hypotonic S | Solution in which the concentratio of solutes is less than that of the cell that resides in the solution |
| Plasmolysis | Collaps of a walled cell's cytoplasm due to lack of water |
| Cytolysis | |
| Cell Energy Equation | CH12 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy |
| Activation Energy | Energy Necessary to get a chemical reation going |
| What provides a gentle release of energy for cells | ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate, whithc is adenosine with 3 phosphate groups |
| Cellular Fermentation | The process by which a cell converts pyruvic acid into alcohol or lactic acid in anaeobic conditions |
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Safire25509
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