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Bio exam 3

QuestionAnswer
What is G1? Growth one, cell increase in size, cell makes more proteins, cell makes more organelles
What is S? Synthesis, DNA is duplicated and held in place by the centromere.
What is G2? Growth 2, extra proteins are made for mitosis.
What is Chromatin? Found in interphase, made of DNA, uncondensed
What are chromatids? During interphase they are uncondensed, prophase they become condensed.
What are chromosomes? When chromatids split during anaphase.
What is an aster composed of? Microtubules and centrosomes.
What is a centromere? Protein fibers that become the spindle fibers.
What is a kinetochore? When spindle fibers find each side of the poles they become kinetochore and pull apart chromatids.
The fibers that extend from pole to pole are? Polar microtubules.
The fibers that extend halfway are called? Kinetochore microtubules.
A reproductive cell after meiosis has a haploid or diploid number of chromosomes? Haploid, half
Fertilization restores the haploid or diploid number of chromosomes? Diploid.
What is binary fission? The division of prokaryotic cells.
What happens in binary fission? One chromosome attaches to the plasma membrane and duplicates. After replication the original chromosome and its duplicate are attached at 2 separate points on the plasma membrane. As the cell grows the plasma membrane breaks in two.
What are the 4 phases of mitosis? Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
What happens in prophase? Nucleus begins to disintegrate. Nucleolus disappears.
What happens in metaphase? Spindle apparatus is completed. Chromatids are lined up along the equator of the spindle.
What happens in anaphase? Chromatids split into chromosomes. Each chromosome moves to opposite poles of the spindle.
What happens in telophase? Nucleus reforms in each new cell. Chromosomes become chromatin.
What is cancer? Cells that have an abnormal cellular division, they grow, take up space and nutrients and then metastasize to other parts of the body.
Synapsis is? 2 sister chromatids come together.
Crossing over is? The exchange of genes.
Chiasma is? Where the chromatids are crossed over.
Spermatogonium Growth 1 Interphase. Diploid; unduplicated. 46 chromatin.
Primary spermatocyte Diploid duplicated. Synthesis. 46 chromatid pairs.
Secondary spermatocytes End of meiosis 1 (2 cells) haploid duplicated
Spermatids End of meiosis 2, matures into sperm. 4 functional cells, haploid unduplicated
Oogonium Growth 1 Interphase. Diploid; unduplicated 46 chromatin
Primary oocyte Diploid duplicated
Secondary oocyte and 1 polar body End of meiosis 1, haploid duplicated
Ovum and 4 polar bodies End of meiosis 2 (4 cells) haploid; unduplicated
Created by: mollyjaneeeee
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