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bio
speciation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| species | latin for "kind" |
| biological species concept | a population or group of populations whose members are actually or potentially interbreeding with one another but are reproductively isolated for other such groups |
| reproductive isolating mechanisms | any factor that impedes two species from producing viable, fertile hybrids |
| prezygotic isolating mechanisms | impede mating between species or hinder the fertilization of ova |
| Habitat (ecological or spatial) isolation | two species live in different habitats within a given area; encounter each other rarely |
| Behavioral isolation | special signals to attreact mates differ |
| temporal isolation | two species breed at different times of day, different seasons, or different years |
| mechanical isolation | closely related species are anatomically incompatible |
| gametic isolation | mating occurs, but fertilization does not occur |
| Postzygotic isolating mechanisms | fertilization occurs but something happens to zygote |
| Hybrid zygote abnormality | genetci incompatibility between two species may abort development of hybrid at some embryonic stage |
| hybrid infertility | production of offspring normal in every aspect but being sterile |
| low hybrid viability | hybrids have lower survival |
| reinforcement | strengthening of prezygotic barriers |
| speciation | the formation of new (novel) species |
| macroevolution | broad pattern of evolution over long time periods |
| allopatric speciation | speciation takes place in populations geographically separated |
| sympatric speciation | speciation takes place in geographically overlapping populations |
| hybrid zones | areas of incomplete reproductive isolation |
| adaptive radiation | relatively quick diversification of species from a single or a few ancestors when introduced to a variety of new environmental opportunities |
| specific coevolution (narrow sense) | evolution in two species being brought about by reciprocal selective effects between the entities |
| diffuse (guild) coevolution | species may evolve in response to a number of other species |