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Vocabulary ch. 23

Vocabulary 23

QuestionAnswer
Cuticle Is a waxy layer that covers the nonwoody aboveground parts of most plants.
Stomata Permit plants to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Guard Cells A pair of specialized cells
Vascular System A system of well-developed vascular tissues that distribute materials more efficiently.
Nonvascular Plants These relatively small plants that have no vascular system
Vascular Plants Plants that have a vascular system
Seed A structure that contains the embryo of a plant
Embryo An early stage in the development of plants and animals
Seed Plants Vascular plants that produce seeds
Flower A reproductive structure that produces pollen and seeds
Phloem Relatively soft-walled cells transport organic nutrients in a kind of tissue
Xylem Hard-walled cells transport water and mineral nutrients in a kind of tissue
Shoot The part of a plant’s body that grows mostly upward
Root In most plants, the part of the body that grows downward
Meristems Zones of actively dividing plant cells, produces plant growth
Rhizoids Anchor the gametophytes to the surfaces on which they grow.
Rhizomes Rhynia, another early seedless vascular plant, also had horizontal underground stems
Fronds Most fern sporophytes have a rhizome that is anchored by roots and leaves
Cone Clusters of nongreen spore-bearing leaves form a structure
Gymnosperms Are seed plants whose seeds do not develop within a sealed container
Angiosperms Most seed plants are flowering plants
Fruit Angiosperms produce seeds that develop enclosed within a specialized structure
Endosperm The seeds of angiosperms have a supply of stored food, some time during their development.
Monocots Flowering plants that produce seeds with one seed leaf
Dicots Flowering plants that produce seeds with two seed leaves.
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