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Lecture #10

Transcription

QuestionAnswer
Intragenic recombination recombination mutation in the same gene
Transcription produces RNA copy or transcript of a gene; structural genes produces mRNA that specifies the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide
Translation process of synthesizing specific polypeptide on a ribosome
Where does transcription and translation happens in prokaryote? and in eukaryote a. prokaryote: transcription and translation happen in the cytoplasm b. eukarypte: transcription happen in the nucleus and translation in the cytoplasm
What do structural genes and non-structural genes code for? a. Structural genes code for polypeptide b. Non-structural gene codes for RNA
What is the purpose of transcription? a gene is an organized unit of DNA sequences that enables a segment of DNA to be transcribed into RNA and ultimately results in the formation of functional product
tRNA translate mRNA into amino acids
rRNA part of the ribosome
Promoter site for RNA polymerase binding and it signals for the beginning of transcription
Regulatory Sequence site for binding of regulatory proteins and its purpose is to influence the rate of transcription
Transcribed Region contains information that specifies an amino acid sequence
Terminator signals the end of sequence
What is mRNA transcode with? the template strand which also known as the sense strand
What are the three stages of transcription? 1. Initiation 2. Elongation 3. Termination
Initiation recognition step and sigma factor causes RNA polymerase to recognize promoter region.
Elongation RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA after release of sigma factor and template or noncoding strand is used for RNA synthesis. Synthesize from 5 to 3 and use Uracil instead of Thymine
Termination RNA polymerase teaches termination sequence and causes RNA polymerase and newly made RNA to dissociate from DNA
Synthesis of RNA it always reads from 5 to 3 prime and go off of the 3-5 prime strand
What are the three forms of RNA polymerase? 1. RNA polymerase II in which it transcribe mRNA 2. RNA polymerase I and III in which transcribes nonstructural genes for rRNA and tRNA
RNA processing in Prokaryote and Eukaryote 1. Prokaryote - mRNA can be translated into polypeptide as soon they are made 2. Eukaryote - their mRNAs are made in a longer pre-mRNA form that requires processing into mature mRNA
Introns they are transcribed but not translate
Exons coding sequence found in mature mRNA
Splicing removalof introns and connect exons
Alternative splicing allows a two or more polypeptide derived from single gene and this allows the genome to carry fewer genes
Translation process of making polypeptides from mRNA and its a very intensive process
Genetic Code sequences of bases in an mRNA molecule
Codons Reading group of 3 nucleotide bases
Degenerate more than one codon can specify the same amino acids
Start codon AUG (met)
Stop codon UAA, UAG, anf UGA
mRNA codons, set of three nucleotides and they have U instead of T
tRNA anticodons, allows binding of tRNA to mRNA codon
N-Terminus amino terminus and its the first amino acid in the sequence
C-Terminus carboxyl terminus and its the last amino acid
tRNA different tRNA molecules encoded by different gene and carries serine and these are the anticodon
Aminoacyl - tRNA synthetase catalyzes the attachment of amino acids to tRNA, one for each different amino acids, and resulted in charged tRNA
Ribosomes these are molecules machines, both eukaryote and prokaryote has large and small subunits; discrete site for tRNA binding and polypeptide synthesis
Variations in Eukaryote the start codon can start in different place
Created by: mung44
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