Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Plants & Society
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nectar | fluid containing sugars and amino acids, secreted by nectaries |
| Pollen | nutrient and amino acid rich, bees are pollen collectors, feed pollen to larvae, have pollen sacs on their hind legs that they stuff pollen in |
| Organelle in charge of producing proteins | ribosomes |
| unique characteristics of kingdom plantae | cell wall made of cellulose, chloroplasts (primary endosymbiosis of cyanobacteria (green/blue algae)), vacuole |
| Xylem | dead at maturity |
| characteristics of old growth forests | snags, dead fallen wood, open canopy, vertical layering, old trees, large trees |
| mitosis | cell division in which daughter cells are identical to parent cell, growth, repair, and asexual reproduction |
| meiosis | cell division in which daughter cells have 1/2 genetic info from each parent haploid cell, sexual reproduction |
| skin cells | have two weeks of life before replaced |
| meiosis continued... | gets you genetic diversity, variation, adaptation through natural selection, diploid cell (2n) undergoes meiotic division produces haploid (n) gametes, gametes have 1/2 DNA from parent cell, takes place in the gonads (ovaries, testes) |
| somatic cells | 2n diploid |
| sex cells | n haploid |
| mitotic division | same number of chromosomes, genetic material is identical, end up with two sister cells |
| meiotic division | 1/2 number of chromosomes, different genetic content (diversity), end up with four gametes |
| Tulip | Liliaceae, Tulipa |
| eudicots | 180,000 species, magnolias, waterlilies |
| monocots | perianth generally in threes (outer envelope of flower), parallel leaf venation. one cotyledon |
| what is the sugar triangle | |
| contribution of dioscorides to science | |
| contribution of withering to science | |
| respiration | break down of sugars to make ATP (equation is opposite of photosynthesis)the creation of energy through the combustion of carbohydrates in the presence of oxygen |
| 1st step of respiration | glycolysis (glucose break down) 2 major steps:in cytoplasm glucose--> 2 pyruvate (yields little energy) |
| 2nd step of respiration | cellular respiration, in mitochondria---> lots of ATP |
| aerobic | CO2 and water, as you burn glucose you release CO2 |
| anaerobic | fermentation occurs in cytoplasm to lactate or ethanol (No ATP) |
| build up of lactic acid | muscle fatigue |
| glycolysis | all organisms undergo glycolysis, anaerobic process (no oxygen required), nets 2ATP + 2NADH |
| what do cells do with pyruvate and NADH | depends on whether conditions are aerobic or anaerobic |
| fermentation | yeast cells (alcohol fermentation), animal cells (lactic acid fermentation) |
| alcohol (ethanol) | yeast cells (single celled fungi and plant cells), in cytoplasm, releases CO2 |
| lactic acid | most animal cells and some bacteria, in cytoplasm |
| Why cant we go through alcohol fermentation | the end products, ethanol and CO2 are both extremely harmful to the body |
| contrasting energy yields | aerobic respiration (glycolysis 2ATP) remaining steps (34ATP) 36ATP total |
| Amazonia | half of all hallucinogens are from Amazonia |
| Southeast peru | brazil nut harvesting, late 80's early 90's |
| slash and burn | a way to burn trees and plant an entirely new field with seedlings, a way to get rid of weeds that take over an area, cause farmers to abandon the area and they also burned down crops to sustain cattle |
| what caused brazil nut trees to die | the burning down of brazil nut trees was prohibited so farmers would burn everything around the tree, causing it to dry out from direct sunlight |
| micophobic | fear of mushrooms |
| chan chan | largest adobe city in the world |
| the bubbling of bear | CO2 being released, CO2 in bread is what makes it rise |
| yeast | single celled eukaryote, fungi (closer related to animals), many species are alcohol fermentors, used for thousands of years in baking and the production of alcohol |
| How do we know which plants to use for medicine | trial and error, predictive tests (smell, morphology), obviousness (doctrine of signature) example walnut= brain, liverworts= liver, dicentra= heart |
| plants that heal | 1/4 chance that any medicine is derived from a plant, 0.5-1% of all angiosperms have been intensively studied, 75-90% of the rural world pop. relies on herbal medicine, us herbal remedies amount to > $4 billion/year in total sales |
| Alkaloids examples | solanaceae, fabaceae (peas), rubiaceae (coffee) |
| primary compounds | directly involved in growth, development, or reproduction (amino acids, nuceleic acids) |
| secondary compounds | formed as a result of secondary metabolic pathways, discourage herbivores, inhibit bacterial or fungal pathogens, attract pollinators, inhibit growth of competing plants |
| alkaloids | derived from amino acids, contain nitrogen, are basic (alkaline), taste bitter, many affect central nervous system, neurotransmitter mimics, many are psychoactive, many are deadly poisons (dosage), 3000 alkaloids documented in 4000 species |
| melatonin | insomnia, jet lag |
| ephedrine | decongestant, bronchodialator (asthma medicine) |
| tea family | Theaceae |
| tea | Camellia sinensis, native to china, thailand, southeast asia |
| fresh tea leaves | withering, drying, rolling, panfrying, fermenting |
| what compounds are in tea | caffeine (4%), antioxidants (30%), catechin (bitter taste), tannins (color in tea and coffee, tanning of leather), |
| herbal teas | infusions of different types of teas |
| hop order | Rosales, 11 families 6300 species, rosaceae moraceae (figs), cannabaceae (cannnibis), ulmaceae (elms) |
| hops | Humulus lupulus used in beer, diocecious, never see the males, wind pollinated, produce asexually, perennial twining vine, propagated from rhizomes, new varieties appear from spontaneous mutations from seed-starts, harvest in september, 3 species (china) |
| why are hops used | bittering flavor and aroma, balance the sweetness of malt, anti-bacterial properties |
| morphine and codeine | pain relief, mimic endorphins (nuerotransmitters), exercise, sex, love, laughter |
| Quinine | used in the treatment of malaria, worlds most prevalent disease, kills 2-3 million people per year, kills the protist (plasmodium) |
| glycosides | sugars, active component (terpene, steroid, phenol), sugar---> glucose, various effects (salicin--> aspirin, cyanogenic glycosides---> harm enyzmes, anthraquinone glycosides---> laxatives |
| cardiac glycosides | active group--> steroid, treat heart failure (dropsy, arrythmia), most are toxic or lethal (dosage) |
| cyanogenic glycosides | release hydrogen cyanide, common in rose family, caracteristic bitter almond smell, 1 cup of apple seeds= lethal, cyanide inhibits respiration in mitochondria |
| cassava | tapioca or manioc, euporbiaceae-typically a poisonous family, ranks 4th as a source of calories in the tropics (rice, sugar, corn), has to be processed prior to eating (konzo), boiling, steaming, drying, soaking fermenting |
| diogenin | progesterone, cotisone, dioscorea (855 species) "true" yam |
| salicin | glycosides of salicylic acid, aspiriin= synthetically produced, us consumes 80 million pills/day, anti-inflammatory, fevor reduction, heart attacks, pain relief |
| aloin | aloe vera, monocot, burn plant, beauty products, moisterizing, sun bursn |
Created by:
UniQu3
Popular Biology sets