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Biology- Ch. 3 Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cell theory | theory that states all organisms are made of cell, all cells are produced by other living things, and cells are the most basic unit of life |
| cytoplasm | jellylike substance inside cells that contains molecules and in some cells organelles |
| organelle | membrane-bound structure that is specialized to perform a distinct process within a cell |
| prokaryotic | no nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles |
| eukaryotic | has nucleus and other membrane-bound cells |
| cytoskeleton | network of proteins such as ,microtubules and microfilaments that form fibers that criss cross cell, inside a eukaryotic cell that supports and shapes cell; aka CSK; constantly changing to meet needs of cell; |
| nucleus | composed of a double membrane that acts as storehouse for most of cell's DNA that has protein porduction(ex: histones) to form chromosome instructions; 2 major demands: protect DNA, DNA availibility |
| endoplasmic reticulum | interconnected network of thin, folded membranes that produce, process, and distribute proteins.Rough: interior maze-lumen; production of proteins and lipids; ribosomes on ER bind to ER to form proteins. Smooth: breaks down glycogen(glycogenaysis) |
| ER contin | and detoxification of drugs and chemical agents; in striated muscles, involved in contracting impulses for surface membranes of cell |
| ribosome | organelle that links amino acids together to form proteins; comb. of protein and RNA molecules |
| Golgi apparatus | stack of flat, membrane-enclosed spaces containing enzymes that process, sort, and deliver proteins |
| vesicle | small organelle that contains and transports materials within cytoplasm; enclosed by lipid bilayer; forms naturally(ex:endocytosis) |
| mitochondria | bean-shaped organelle that supplies energy to cell and has its own ribosomes and DNA |
| vacuole | used to store materials like water,food, or enzymes that are needed by cell |
| lysosomes | contains enzymes; defend cell from viruses; break down damaged cell parts |
| centrioles | small cylinder-shaped organelle made of protein tubes arranged in a cirlce; aids mitosis |
| cell wall | rigid; gives protection, support, and shape to cells in plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria |
| chloroplast | composed of numerous membranes that are used to convert solar energy into chemcical energy; contains chlorophyll |
| cell membrane | double layer of phospholipids that forms a boundary between cell and surrounding enviroment and controls passage of materials in and out of cell. aka plasma membrane |
| phospholipid | molecule that formsa double-layer cell membrane; consists of a glycerol, phosphate group, and two fatty acids |
| fluid mosaic model | describes arrangement and movement of molecules that make up cell membrane |
| selective permeability | allows SOME materials to pass through a barrier/membrane; maintains cell's homeostasis |
| receptor | protein that detects a signal molecule and performs action in response; recognizes and bonds to certain molecules to ensure right cell gets right signal at right time |
| passive transport | movement of molecules across the cell membrane without energy input from cell |
| diffusion | movement of dissolved molecules in fluid or gas from region of higher concentration to lower concentration |
| concentration gradient | difference in concentration of substance from one location to another |
| osmosis | diffusion of water molecules across selectively permeable membrane from high to low concentration |
| isotonic | solution with equal concentration |
| hypertonic | solution that has higher concentration of dissolved particles compared with another solution |
| hypotonic | solution that has lower concentration of dissolved particles comapared with another solution |
| facilitated diffusion | diffusion of molecules assisted by protein channels that pierce a cell membrane |
| active transport | energy-requiring movement of molecules across a membrane from low to high region of concentration |
| endocytosis | uptake of liquids or large molecules into a cell by inward folding of cell membrane |
| phagocytosis | uptake of solid particle into cell by engulfing the particle |
| exocytosis | release of substances out of a cell by fusion of a vesicle with membrane |
Created by:
kayla26tran
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