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Ch.16 (Exam 3)
Earthquakes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Tsunami waves may move faster than ____. | 800 km/hr |
| For most of the 20th century earthquake magnitude was reported on the _______ scale, a scale that has never exceeded a magnitude 8.6. | Richter |
| ____ focus earthquakes are the most common. | Shallow |
| Perhaps 90 percent of the destruction in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake was caused by ____. | fires |
| The time interval between the first arrival of P-waves and the first arrival of S-waves ____ with distance from the focus of an earthquake. | increases |
| The paper record of an earthquake is a ____. | seismogram |
| Although large earthquakes are rare in the central and eastern United States, when they do occur they tend to be very destructive because _______. | the crust there is cool and brittle |
| Faulting and earthquakes are examples of ____________. | brittle behavior |
| In the elastic rebound theory, earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of progressively stored _____ in rocks. | strain |
| ____ are seismic waves that travel through the Earth's interior, spreading out from the focus in all directions. | Body waves |
| A _____ is the first wave to arrive at a recording station following an earthquake. | P-wave |
| A(n) _______ is a seismic sea wave. | tsunami |
| ____ are the waves of energy produced by an earthquake | Seismic |
| _____ is a measure of an earthquake's effect on people and buildings. | Intensity |
| Rupture begins at the _____ and then spreads rapidly along the fault plane. | focus |
| Deep focus earthquakes occur at a maximum depth of ______. | 670 km |
| ______ would be associated with Benioff zones. | All the answers are correct |
| _____ earthquakes probably occur along older faults that are no longer at plate boundaries, for example the New Madrid Missouri earthquakes of 1811-1812. | Intraplate |
| One suggested cause of deep focus earthquakes is ______. | collapse of minerals into denser forms |
| The ______ is the most famous example of a right lateral transform fault. | San Andreas Fault in California |
| A series of earthquakes that occurred near _____ in 1811-1812 were the most widely felt earthquakes to occur in recorded history. | New Madrid, Missouri |
| Deep rocks behave as _____ material under stress rather than breaking. | ductile |
| _____ can occur when water-saturated soil turns from a solid to a liquid as a result of an earthquake. | Liquefaction |
| Both P-waves and S-waves can pass through ____. | solid rock |
| ____ -waves are the slowest body waves. | S |
| The effects of ground motion caused by an earthquake do not include _____. | volcanism |
| ___ stations are the minimum needed to determine the location of an earthquake epicenter. | Three |
| ________ maps are useful for assessing how different areas respond to seismic waves and provide valuable information for earthquake planning. | Intensity |
| Surface waves ____________. | produce most of the damage to buildings during earthquakes |
| Richter scale values above 7 are not accurate. The ______ scale is a more objective method of measuring the energy of a large earthquake. | moment magnitude |
| The point within the earth where seismic waves first originate is the _____. | focus |
| Medium and deep focus earthquakes occur along _______________. | convergent plate boundaries only |
| On the modified Mercalli intensity scale the maximum value is _______. | XII |
| The most important concentration of earthquakes by far is ______. | the Circumpacific belt |
| _____ waves tend to be incredibly destructive to buildings because they produce much ground movement and take a long time to pass. | Rayleigh |
| Which of the following is not used to aid in earthquake prediction? | tsunamis |
| The greatest loss of life in the 1964 southern Alaska earthquake was from _________. | tsunamis |
| A ____ plots seismic-wave arrival time against distance. | travel-time curve |
| Earthquake waves propagate most rapidly through ____________. | igneous rock |
| ____ are earthquake waves that cause the most property damage. | Surface waves |
Created by:
Thomas.Siu
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