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Honors Biochemistry

QuestionAnswer
Atom- the basic unit of matter
Subatomic particle- parts of an atom
Nucleus- center of an atom
Proton- positive particles located in the nucleus
Neutron- neutral particles located in the nucleus
Electron- negative particles located in the electron cloud
Electron cloud- space around nucleus where electrons are located
Element- pure substance that is made up of one type of atom
Ion- atom that has a positive or negative charge
Isotope- one of several forms of a single element, which contains the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
Half Life- the amount of time it takes for half of the total radioactive isotopes in a sample to decay
radiation- harmful substances released - 3 different kinds
atomic number- determined by the number of protons
atomic mass- elements weight. determined by adding number of protons and number of neutrons
molecule- smallest unit of most compounds that displays all the properties of that compound
compound- substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions
ionic bond- forms when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another
covalent bond- forms when electrons are shared between atoms
valence electrons- outer shell electrons
van der waals forces- weak bonds caused by the attraction of different regions of nearby molecules
hydrogen bonds- weak bonds formed between two polar substances
cohesion- attraction of molecules of the same substance
adhesion- attraction of molecules between different substances
capillary action- the use of cohesion to draw liquids up small tubes
mixture- material composed of two or more substances which are not chemically combined
solute- what is dissolved
solvent- what solute is dissolved in to
suspension- mixture with contents not evenly distributed or dissolved
acids- substance which forms H+ ions in solution
bases- substance which forms OH- ions in solution
PH scale- scale from 1-14 describing how acidic or basic something is
buffer- weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases
chemical reaction- changing one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals
macromolecule- giant molecule made of many molecules
polymer- hundreds or thousands of monomers linked together
monomer- individual molecules or groups of melcules which can be linked together
polymerization- linking of monomers into polymers
organic- containing carbon
carbohydrates- compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio
lipids- fats, oils, waxes
nucleic acids- DNA or RNA
Proteins- strings of amino acids
Amino Acids- compound with an amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other end
enzymes- protein catalyst that speeds up the rate of specific biological reactions
Created by: victorylions34
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