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Rocks
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| beyond the 3 categories of rock, they can be divided into subcategories based on- | composition and texture |
| The continual process by which new rocks form from old ones is called-. | the rock cycle |
| name some things rocks have been used for in ancient times | weapons, tools, buildings |
| what affects rock deep beneath the surface | pressure and extreme heat |
| igneous rock at the surface that is weathered and worn away is- | sediment |
| sediment that washes down rivers and oceans and is pressed and cemented together is forms- | sedimentary rock |
| when uplifted rocks reach - weathering, erosion, and deposition begin | the earths surface |
| process in which natural forces such as wind or ice break down rock is- | weathering |
| how is texture dertemined | by the shape size and positions of rock |
| where is intrusive igneous rock formed | beneath the earths surface |
| how is intrusive igneous rock formed | by the cooling and solidification of magma |
| define extrusive igneous rock | igneous rock that's formed by volcanic activity close to the surface |
| 3 ways magma can form are | rock is heated, pressure is released,rock changes composition |
| what determines the texture of igneous rock | what the rocks are made of and how fast they cooled |
| what size grains does a slow cooling rock have? | coarse grains |
| when sediments are deposited in layers and compacted what is formed | sedimentary rock |
| the most noticeable feature of a sedimentary rock is its- | strata |
| sedimentary rock that forms when mineral fragments are cemented together is called- | clastic sedimentary rock |
| some limestone is made of tiny - that live in the ocean in huge colonies called- | coral, reefs |
| the process in which sedimentary rock is arranged in layers is called- | stratification |
| ripple marks are- | markings on sedimentary rock that record the wave motion or wind or water |
| the structures that form when fine-grained sediments at the bottom of a shallow body of water are exposed to air are dry out are called- | mud cracks |
| strata is- | each layer of rock |
| an organic rock that forms from the action of heat and pressure on plant material over millions of years is called- | coal |
| which of the following IS an organic sedimentary rock chemical limestone shale fossiliferous limestone conglomerate | fossiliferous limestone |
| which type of rock is formed by this process- when weathering and erosion turn rock into the sediments. then the sediments are deposited into layers and the layers are compacted | sedimentary rock |
| 3 main categories of sedimentary rock | clastic rock,chemical rock, organic rock |
| describe clastic sedimentary rock | made of rock fragments that are cemented together |
| describe chemical sedimentary rock | forms from solutions or dissolved minerals and water that crystallizes and forms the rock |
| describe organic sedimentary rock | made from the remains of oceanic animals. include coral and coal |
| why would raindrop impressions be more likely to be preserved in fine grained rock than in coarse grained rock? | The finer the grains of sediment are, the more likely delicate structures such as raindrop impressions will be preserved in them. |
| during- rock is heated by nearby magma | contact metamorphism |
| regional metamorphism occurs where? | deep inside earths crust |
| when pressure builds up in rock which is located under other rock formations- occurs | regional metamorphism |
| index minerals only form in what type of rock | metamorphic rock |
| which IS an index mineral calcite quartz staurolite hematite | quartz |
| describe the arrangement of mineral grains in a non foliated rock | mineral grains not aligned, arranged randomly |
| the process in which a mineral changes composition during metamorphism is called- | recrystallization |
| a metamorphic rock with mineral grains in planes or bands is a - | foliated metamorphic rock |
| a change of a shape of a rock causeD by force placed on it is called- | deformation |
| is marble a foliated rock? | no |
| is a foliated of non foliated rock going to be easier to break? and why | foliated rock because you could break along its plates and bands which would be eaiser |
| what is erosion | the process by which wind water ice or gravity transports soil and sediments from one location to another |
| 4 processes that shape the earth's surface | weathering, erosion, deposition, uplift |
| most rocks in earths crust are what type | metamorphic |
| rocks are classified by what | texture and composition |
| when magma solidifies it becomes what | igneous rock |
| a dramatic rise in - can cause rocks to melt | temperature |
| why is pressure released | the release of pressure allows molecules to spread out and transform from a solid rock to a liquid magma |
| when - combine with rock it lowers the melting point of the rock | fluids |
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