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alex's review

1 sem

Questionanswerquestionanswer
1 rock a rock is a naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals or organic matter. 10. stratification the process in which sedimentary rocks are arranged in layers.
2.deposition the process in which material is laid down 11. foliated the texture of metamorphic rock in which the mineral grains are arranged in planes or bands.
3. composition the chemical make-up of a rock describes either the minerals or materials in the rock 12. nonfoliated the texture of metamorphic rock in which the mineral grains are not arranged in planes or bands
4. texture the quality of a rock that is based on sizes, shapes and positions of the rock's grains. 13. element a substance that cannot be separated or broken down in simpler substances by chemical means
5.intrusive igneous rock rock formed from the cooling and solidification of magma beneath the earth's surface. 14. compound a substance made up of 2 or more different elements joined by chemical bonds
6.extrusive igneous rock rock that forms as a result of volcanic activity at or near the earth's surface. 15. crystal a solid whose atoms, ions, or molecules, are arranged in a definite pattern
9.mineral a naturally formed inorganic solid that has a definite crystalline structure 18. luster the way in which a mineral reflects light
19. streak the color of the powder of a mineral 20. cleavage the splitting of a mineral on smooth, flat surfaces
21. fracture the manner in which a mineral breaks along a curved or irregular surfaces 22. hardness a measure of a mineral to resist scratching
23.density the ratio of the mass of a substance to its volume 24.ore a natural material whose concentration of economically valuable minerals is high enough for the material to be mined profitably.
25. reclamation the process of returning land to its original condition after mining is completed 26. uniformitarianism a principle that states that geologic processes that occurred in the past can be explained by current geologic processes.
27. catastrophism the principle that states that geologic change occurs suddenly 28. paleontology the study of fossils
29. relative dating a method of determining whether an event or object is older or younger than the other events or objects 30.superposition a principle that states that younger rocks lie above older rocks if the layers have not been disturbed.
31. geologic column an arrangement of rock layers in which the oldest rocks are at the bottom 32. unconformity a break in the geologic record created when rock layers are eroded or when sediment is not deposited for a long period of time
33. absolute dating any method of measuring the age of an event or object in years 34. isotope an atom that has the same number of protons as other atoms of the same element do but that has a different number of neutrons
35. radioactive decay the process in which a radioactive isotope tends to break down into a stable isotope of the same element or another element 36. radiometric dating any method of determining the age of an object by estimating the relative percentages of a radioactive isotope and a stable isotope
37. half-life the time needed for half of a sample of a radioactive substance to undergo radioactive decay 38. fossil the remains or physical evidence of an organism preserved by geological processes
39. trace fossil a fossilized mark that is formed in soft sediment by the movement of an animal 40. mold a mark or cavity made in a sedimentary surface by a shell or other body
41. cast a type of fossil that forms when sediments fill in the cavity left by a decomposed organism 42. index fossil a fossil that is found in the rock layers of only one geologic age that is used to establish the age of rock layers
43. geologic time scale the standard method used to divide the earth's long natural history into manageable parts 44. eon the largest division of geologic time
45. era a unit of geologic time that includes 2 or more periods 46. period a unit of geologic time into which eras are divided
47. epoch a subdivision of a geologic period 48. extinction the death of every member of a species
49.native ellement minerals composed of only one element 50. carbonates minerals that contain combinations of carbon and oxygen in their chemical structure
51. halides compounds that form when fluorine, chlorine, iodine or bromine combine with sodium, potassium or calcium 52. oxides when an element combines with oxygen
53. sulfates minerals that contain sulfur and oxygen 54.sulfides minerals that contain one or more elements such as lead, iron or nickel combined with sulfur
55. special properties of minerals properties that are reserved to certain minerals 56. fluorescence ability to glow under ultraviolet light
57. optical properties the ability to cause an optical illusion 58. chemical reaction when chemicals do something like fizz when they are combined
59. magnetism ability to attract iron 60. taste a distinct flavor like halite is salty
61. radioactivity the ability to be detected by Geiger counters 62. metallic minerals minerals that contain metals - like iron ore
63. nonmetallic minerals minerals that do not contain metals like halite 64. gemstones certain stones valued for their beauty
65. index mineral used to estimate the temperature and pressure at which a rock undergoes metamorphism 66. dikes sheet-like intrusions that cut across previous rock units
67. sills sheet-like intructions that are oriented parallel to previous rock units 68. batholiths the largest of all igneous intrusions
69. stocks intrusive bodies that are exposed over smaller areas than batholiths 70. fissures cracks in the earth's crust through which lave flows
71. lava plateaus when a large amount of lava flows out of a fissure onto land and forms a large plain 72. sedimentary rock rock type formed by erosion of igneous rock and settling of the silt
73. strata layers of rock 74. metamorphic rock sedimentary rock that has been heated and compacted
75. deformation when rock is heated and compressed so much that it changes types 76. paleobotany the study of fossilized plants
77. disconformity where part of a series of parallel rock layers are missing 78. angular unconformity exists between horizontal rock layers and layers that are tilted or folded
7. rock cycle the series of process in which a rock forms, changes to one type to another, is destroyed and forms again by geological processes. 16. silicate mineral a mineral that contains a combination of silicon, oxygen and one or more metals.
8. erosion the process by which wind, water, ice or gravity transports soil and sediment from one location to another. 17. nonsilicate mineral a mineral that does not contain compounds of silicon and oxygen
Created by: mckinleyspartan
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