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GC chapter 15
Somatic Nervous system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 3 components of the Afferent division of the nervous system | Receptors, sensory neurons, sensory pathways |
| 3 components of the Efferent division of the nervous system | nuclei, motor tracts, motor neurons |
| Specialized cells that monitor specific conditions | Sensory receptors |
| what is the language of the nervous system | action potentials |
| peripheral afferents in the sensory pathway | nerves |
| ganglion in the sensory pathway | nuclei |
| axons to higher centers in the sensory pathway | tracts |
| higher centers in the somatic motor pathway | motor nuclei |
| efferent axons in the somatic motor pathway | tracts |
| type of nerves serving the somatic motor pathway | peripheral |
| Temperature, pain, proprioception, touch, pressure, vibration | general senses |
| olfaction, vision, gustation, equilibrium, hearing | special senses |
| arriving information of the general senses | sensation |
| conscious awareness of a sensation | Perception |
| area monitored by a single receptive cell | receptive field |
| the reduction in sensitivity to a constant/painless stimulus | adaptation |
| receptors that are always active, slow adapting, remind you of an injury long after the initial damage | tonic receptor |
| receptors that are inactive until a change occurs,fast adapting | phasic receptor |
| receptors that are stimulated extreme temperature changes, mechanical damage, dissolved chemicals from injured cells | nociceptors |
| receptors that are stimulated by temperature sensations, | thermoreceptors |
| receptors that are stimulated by physical distortion, | mechanoreceptors |
| receptors that are stimulated by changes in chemical concentrations | chemoreceptors |
| receptors found in the skin, in joint capsules, periostea and walls of blood vessels | nociceptors |
| receptor that provides info about touch vibration and pressure | Tactile receptors |
| Detects pressure changes in tubes of the body | Baroreceptors |
| type of mechanoreceptor that monitors positions of joints and muscles | Proprioceptors |
| receptors that have small receptive fields, and provide detailed info about the stimulus | Fine touch/ pressure receptors |
| receptors that have large receptive fields, poor localization and provide little information about the stimulus | Crude touch/pressure receptors |
| tactile receptors in epidermis, tonic/small receptive fields, sensitive to touch/pressure | Free nerve ending |
| tactile receptor that uses hair to detect stimulus | Root hair plexus |
| fine touch/pressure receptors in the skin that do not adapt and have small receptive fields | Tactile discs/merkel cells |
| fine touch receptors found in eyelids, lips fingertips, external genatailia, nipples, fine touch/pressure/low freq vibration, adapt within 1 second after contact | Tactile Corpuscles/Meisseners corpuscle |
| Tactile receptor that is sensitive to deep pressure, fast adapting, most sensitive to pulsing/high intensity vibration | Lamellated Corpusles/Pacinian corpuscle |
| tactile corpuscles in the reticular dermis, tonic/little adaptation, sensitive to pressure/distortion of the skin | Ruffini Corpuscles |
| sensory neuron in the dorsal root ganglion/cranial nerve ganglion | First order neuron |
| interneuron in the cns that synapses on the sensory neuron | Second order neuron |
| sensory neuron in the thalamus that synapes on the interneuron in the cns to bring the stimulus to our awareness | Third order neuron |
| nerves that carry general senses from the mouth, palate, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus, to the brain/brainstem | mixed cranial nerves |
| large nucleus in the Medulla oblongata that processes visceral sensory info | Solitary nucleus |
| innervates a single motor unit, inhibits or facilitates lower motor neuron | Upper motor neuron |
| motor neuron in the brain/spinal cord that triggers a contraction in innervated muscle | Lower motor neuron |
| provide background patterns of movement involved in motor activities | Basal nuclei |
| condition caused by lack of oxygen in developing tissues of the cerebellum, basal ganglia, thalamus, cortex | cerebral palsy |
| defect in upper/lower neuron axons, causing atrophy of skeletal muscle | Amytrophic lateral sclerosis |
| pathway of crude touch/pressure sensations to the brain | Anterior spinothalamic tract |
| pathway of pain/temperature to the brain | Lateral spinothalamic tract |
| pathway of fine touch/vibration/pressure/proprioception to the brain | faciculus gracilis/faciculus cuneatus via the posterior column pathway |
| pathway of propriocetive input from the 3 types of proprioceptorson Right side | Anterior spinocerebellar tract |
| pathway of prorioceptive input from the 3 types of proprioceptors on the Left side | Posterior Spinocerebellar tract |
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