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N306 E4 F&E Part 2
N306 Fluid Balance, Electrolytes, Acid-Base [Ch 31] Pt 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What ion determines acidity of body fluids? | H+ |
| Acids _____ H+ into solution. | release |
| Bases _____ H+ into solution. | accept |
| pH | Measurement of hydrogen concentration in pH |
| Identifying the three regulators of acid-base balance. | Buffer system, respiratory system, renal system |
| buffers | Substances that prevent changes in pH by removing or releasing H+ |
| Identify the role of the respiratory system in acid-base balance. | Regulates carbonic acid in the body by removing or retaining CO2 |
| Identify the role of renal system in acid-base balance. | Excess acids are removed by kidneys; also regulates bicarbonate ions |
| Arterial blood provides information about _______. | Effectiveness of lungs and oxygenating blood |
| Arterial blood reflects _______. | acid-base balance in body |
| What elements are measured in ABG? | pH, PaCO2, HCO3, PaO2 |
| Identify the normal value for the following: pH. | 7.35 - 7.45 |
| Identify the normal value for the following: PaCO2. | 35 - 45 mm Hg |
| Identify the normal value for the following: PaO2. | 80 - 100 mm Hg |
| Identify the normal value for the following: HCO3. | 22 - 26 mEq/mL |
| When PaCO2 is off, is it respiratory or metabolic? | Respiratory (mostly) |
| When HCO3 is off, is it respiratory or metabolic? | Metabolic (mostly) |
| pH 7.20, PCO2 50, HCO3 24 | respiratory acidosis [low pH, high CO2, normal HCO3] |
| pH 7.33, PaCO2 53, PaO2 72, HCO3 24 | respiratory acidosis |
| pH 7.60, PaCO2 36, HCO3 30 | metabolic alkalosis |
| pH 7.48, PaCO2 30, HCO3 23 | respiratory alkalosis |
| pH 7.50, PaCO2 40, HCO3 30 | metabolic alkalosis |
| pH 7.23, PCO2 40, HCO3 19 | metabolic acidosis |
| Identify 4 common causes of edema. | increased hydrostatic pressure, decreased plasma oncotic pressure, increased capillary membrane permeability, and lymphatic obstruction |
| Inappropriate administration of hypertonic saline solution will result in _______. | Hypernatremia |
| Neuromuscular excitability is ________ with hypokalemia. | Decreased |
| ________ often occurs with acidosis. | Hyperkalemia (high potassium) |
| A patient has deep and rapid respirations. Laboratory tests reveal decreased pH and bicarbonate. This patient is experiencing: | metabolic acidosis |
| Identify how to perform Chvostek's sign. | Tapping on cheek |
| Identify a positive response to Chvostek's sign. | Twitching of face; suggestive of neuromuscular excitability caused by hypocalcemia |
| Identify how to perform Trousseau's sign. | Inflate a sphygmomanometer cuff above systolic blood pressure for several minutes |
| Identify a positive response to Trousseau's sign. | Muscular contraction, including flexion of wrist and fingers; suggestive of neuromuscular excitability caused by hypocalcemia |
| Identify the 2 tests for hypocalcemia. | Chvostek's sign and Trousseau's sign |
Created by:
nikkirosety
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