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BiologyII Chapter21
study tool
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Stomata | openings in the outer cell later of leaf surfaces and some stems that allow the exchange of water, carbon dioxide, oxygen and other gases between a plant and its environment |
| Vascular Plant | type of plant with vascular tissures adapted to land environments; most widely distributed type of plant of Earth |
| Nonvascular Plant | type of plant that lacks vascuar tissues, moves substances slowly from cell to cell by osmosis and diffusion, and grows only in a damp environment |
| seed | asaptive reproductive structure of some vascular plants that contains an embryo, and is covered by protective coat |
| Thallose | liverwort with a fleshy lobed body shape |
| Strobilus | compact cluster of spore-bearing structures in some seedless vascular plant sporophytes |
| Epiphyte | plant that lives anchored to an object or to another plant |
| Rhizome | fern's thick hypha formed by a mold that penetrates a food's surface |
| Sporangium | sac or case in which spores are produces |
| Sorus | fern structure formed by clusters of sporangia usually on the undersides of a frond |
| Cotyledon | seed structure that food or helps absorb food for the sporophyte of vascular seed plants |
| Cone | feature that contains male or female reproductive structures of cycads and other gymnosperms. A type of cell in the retina of the eye that is responsible for sharp vision in bright light and seeing color |
| Annual | plant that completes its life span in one growing season or less |
| Biennial | plant with a two-year life span |
| Perennial | plant that can live for several years |
| List the common characteristics between present day plant and algae | both have cell walls composed of cellulose; cell division that includes the formation of cell plate; the same type of chlorophyll used in photosynthesis; food stored as a starch |
| Name and explain the 5 plant adaptations to land environments | 1) Cuticle- fat waxy layer an helps present water loss and acts as a barrier against microorganisms |
| Name and explain the 5 plant adaptations to land environments | 2)Stomata- It allows gases to be exchanged(oxygen moves out carbon dioxide move in) usually found on the underside of the leaf |
| Name and explain the 5 plant adaptations to land environments | 3)Vascular Tissues- a specialized transport for water and food, it allows plants to grow tall and provides support and structure for plants ; nonvascular plants are short and they move water and food by osmosis or diffusion |
| Name and explain the 5 plant adaptations to land environments | 4) Reproductive Strategy- Some plants reproduce by spores but water is a limiting factor |
| Name and explain the 5 plant adaptations to land environments | 5) Seeds- has an embryo, it has nutrients for the embryo to grow and it is covered with protective coat |
| Explain the alternation of generations in plants | -Gametophyte generation produces gametes(haploid sperm and eggcell)-When sperm fertilizes the egg a diploid zygote forms that undergoes mitosis to for a sporophyte-Sporophyte generation produces spores that can grow to form the next gametophyte generation |
| Give characteristics of nonvascular plants | -smaller in size- -no transport materials so they transport by osmosis and diffusion -they found in damp shady areas |
| Give characteristics of seedless vascular plants | -they do not have seeds -they reproduce by spores and they have a special structure called the strobilus that is a cluster of spores -when spores land in a favorable sight they can grow to form the gametophyte |
| give characteristics of seed vascular plants | -they produce seeds -seeds have one or two cotyledons that are used to store food or absorb food -plants whose seeds are part of a fruit are called angyosperms -plants whose seeds that are not a part of fruit are called gymnosperms |
| Explain why seed dispersal is important to seed vascular plants and give 3 specific examped of this process | -so seeds dont have to compete with each other-cocklebur plant have hooks on them that attach to fur or clothing-pine seed had a wing like structure that allows it to drift in the wind-a coconut contains the seed inside and float great distances on ocean |
| name and summarize the 3 life spans of anthophytes | -annual have a life span of one growing season -viannual have a lifspan of two growing season perenials come back year after year after year |
| Division Lycphyta | -also called club mosses -reproductive structures produces spores that are club shaped or spike shaped -have root, stems, and small, scaly, leaf like structure |
| Divison Pterophyta | -includes ferns and horsetails -leaves of ferns are called fronds |
| Division Bryphyta | (mosses) -rhyzoids-root like structure -leaf like sturctures that are only one cell thick |
| Division Anthocerophyta | -Hornworts -spaces inside the cell are filled with mucilage or slime |
| Division Hepaticophyta | -liverworts -two types leafy and thallose |
| Division Cycadophyta | -tropical plants |
| Division Gnetophyta | found in African dessert |
| Division Ginkgophyta | small fan shaped leaves |
| Division Coniferophyta | waxlike coating called cutin reduces water loss |
| Division Anthophyta | -classified as monocots or dicotsss |
Created by:
Emmelee
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