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vocabulary ch. 14

vocabulary 14

QuestionAnswer
Taxonomy The science of naming and classifying organisms
Binomial Nomenclature Linnaeus’s two-word system for naming organisms
Genus a taxonomic category containing similar species.
Family Similar genera are grouped
Order Similar families are combined
Class Orders with common properties are united
Phylum Classes with similar characteristics are assigned
Kingdom Similar phyla are collected
Domains Similar kingdoms are grouped
Biological Species a group of natural populations that are interbreeding or that could interbreed, and that are reproductively isolated from other such groups.
Phylogeny classification based on similarities should reflect an organism’s that is evolutionary history.
Convergent Evolution similarities evolve in organisms not closely related to one another, often because the organisms live in similar habitats.
Analogous Character Similarities that arise through convergent evolution
Cladistics a method of analysis that reconstructs phylogenies by inferring relationships based on shared characters
Ancestral Character if it evolved in a common ancestor of both groups
Derived Character evolved in an ancestor of one group but not of the other.
Cladogram which shows the evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms
Evolutionary Systematics taxonomists give varying degrees of importance to characters and thus produce a subjective analysis of evolutionary relationships.
Phylogenetic Tree In this type of analysis, evolutionary relationships are displayed in a branching diagram
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