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BIO
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Plant Epidermis | is a single-layered group of cells that covers plants' leaves, flowers, roots and stems |
| Cuticle | Waxy covering of the epidermis |
| Mesophyll | The photosynthetic tissue of a leaf, located between the upper and lower epidermis |
| Secondary Compounds | Secondary compounds are complex chemicals made by plants that are not essential to the life of the plant |
| Apical Meristems | differentiate into various tissues |
| Alternation of generations | -Plants alternate between two multicellular stages, a reproductive cycle |
| Sporophytes | -produces haploid spores by meiosis -fusion of the gametes gives rise to the diploid |
| Gametophytes | -haploid and produces haploid gametes by mitosis |
| Haploid | used when a cell has only one set of chromosomes |
| Diploid | 2 complete haploid sets |
| Gametangia | -gametes are produced within organs |
| Archegonia | -female gametangia -produce eggs and are the site of ferilization |
| Antheridia | -male gametangia -produce and release sperm |
| Placental Transfer Cells | -nutrients are transferred from parent to embryo |
| Non-vascular plants | -Liverworts -Hornworts -Mosses |
| Dominant Stage (gametophytes/sporophytes) | -Contrast with bryophytes, sporophytes of seedless vascular plants are the larger generation as in familiar ferns -Gametophytes are tiny plants that grow on or below the soil surface |
| Presence of stomata | -Hornwort and moss sporophytes for gas exchange |
| Absence of stomata | -Liverworth |
| Xylem | -conducts most of the water and minerals and includes dead cells called tracheids |
| Phloem | -consists of living cells and distribute sugars, amino acids, and other organic products |
| Non-vascular plants Dependence | -bryophytes -not a monophyletic group |
| Vascular plants and Dependence | -Presence of vascular tissue - |
| Seedless vascular plants | -divided into two clades (Lycophytes and Pterophytes) -paraphlectic and on the same level of biological organization (or grade) |
| Lycophytes | -Club mosses and their relatives |
| Pterophytes | -Ferns and their relatives |
| Bryophyte Gametophytes (Non-vascular) | are larger and longer living than sporophytes -sporophytes are only present only part of the time |
| Bryophyte Sporophytes (Vascular) | -grow out of archegonia -smallest and simplest sporophytes -consists of foot, seta (stalk), sporangium (capsule), which discharge spores through a peristome |
| Dichotomous branching | pattern in which, at each branch point, the dividing structure splits in two |
| Over topping | unequal branching with one stem being more vigorous |
| Microphyll | Leaves with a single vein |
| Megaphyll | Leaves with a highly branched vascular system |
| Homospory | -Most seedless vascular plants -producing one type of spore that develops into a bisexual gametophyte |
| Heterospory | -all seed plants and some seedless vascular plants -produce megaspores which give rise to female gametophytes, and microspores, which give rise to male gametophytes |
Created by:
pcao01
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