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cell energy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| CO2 | carbon dioxide |
| 6CO2+6H2O+sun->C6 H12 O6+6O | photosynthesis |
| what other carbohydrates can be broken down for energy? | lipids and proteins |
| the chemical energy in food is stored in what bonds? | covalent |
| when the bonds are broken what is released? | electrons |
| define ATP | adenosine tri phosphate( 3 phosphate group) |
| define ADP | adenosine di phosphate(2 phosphate group) |
| cells are able to use and recycle ATP how? | by breaking or adding a phosphate group |
| an ATP is recharged how? | by adding a phosphate group to an ADP |
| define cellular respiration | the breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen to "make" ATP |
| what are the two parts to cellular respiration? | glycolysis and oxidative respiration |
| glycolysis is the breaking of sugar, where does this occur? | cytosol |
| does glycolysis require oxygen? | no! |
| glycolysis splits glucose into what? | two 3-C molecules known as pyruvic acids |
| what happens when the bonds of glucose are broken? | electrons are released and are caught by NADH (when the catch an electron then they turn into NAD+'s) |
| glycolysis uses __ ATP to occur but forms ___ Atp with a net gain of ___ | 2, 4, 2 |
| does oxidative respiration use oxygen? | yes! |
| the pyruvic acids formed in glycolysis enter the mitochondria where enzymes complete the rest of the break down of glucose to produce carbon dioxide, water, and 34 ATP | oxidative respiration (krebs cycle and ETC) |
| what are the two parts to oxidative respiration? | krebs cycle and electron transport chain |
| krebs cycle | a series of reactions that occur in the mitochondrial matrix, where the pyruvic acids bonds are broken and electrons are released |
| when the pyruvic acid is completely broken down they are what? | CO2 |
| how many additional ATP are produced from krebs? | 2 |
| krebs produces NADH and also what? | FADH2 they an carry two electrons |
| electron transport chain | electron carriers(NADH & FADH2) "dump" their electrons. |
| where do the electrons go from being "dumped"? | they are passed along a series of molecules embedded in the inner membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells. |
| as electrons "fall" down the ETC the energy they release is used to power an enzyme known as _____________ | ATP synthase |
| what does ATP synthase do? | it attaches phosphate groups to ADP to produce ATP, this process is known as oxidative phosphorylation because oxygen must be present |
| it is the _________ of oxygen that pulls the electrons down the ETC | protons |
| as the electrons are collected by oxygen ____ is produced | H2O |
| net gain of ETC | 32 |
| fermentation | anaerobic |
| if oxygen isn't available then what is a back up mechanism? | fermentation |
| in fermentation what happens? | the pyruvic acid doent enter the mitochondria, the entire pathway takes place in the cytosol. |
| fermentation doesnt produce what? | ATP, but it removes the pyruvic acid from the cytosol |
| two types of fermentation | latic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation |
| latic fermentation | pyruvic acid converted into latic acid in human muscle cells and bacteria and fungi |
| alcoholic fermentation | pyruvic acid is converted into CO2 and alcohol used for brewing and baking |
Created by:
feuerbacher4
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