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Bio Cell Membrane
test 2 cell membranes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Containment, Seperation, Metabolism, Exchange, Recognition, Irritability, and Selective Permeability are all functions of? | Cell Membrane |
| What is the basic unit of structure & function of living things? | Cell |
| Lipid Bilayer with proteins scattered among them, allows substances to enter and exit the cell? | Cell Membrane |
| What are the main molecules? | phospholipids |
| Can occasionaly be found between phospholipids, helps stabilize the membrane by giving it less fluidity. | Cholesterol |
| Can be twister and coiled at the outer or inner surface or solid and pass thru the entire membrane. can also be receptors | Protein |
| What are mixed molecules called? | Conjugated molecules |
| Straight branched chains found on the surface, that act as surface receptors. They recognize the molecules that come into the cell and cause changes within the cell. | Oligosaccharides |
| A Carbohydrate and a Protein together make, found on or in cell membrane | Glycoprotein |
| A Carbohydrate and a Lipid together make, found in or on a cell membrane | Glycolipid |
| A lipid combined with a protein make up, NOT found in or on a cell membrane | Lipoprotein |
| Which function will allow only some substances in or out of the cell. | Selective Permeability |
| The ability to get in or out easily between phospholipids is called? | Lipid Soluble |
| In order to get out it must hit a protein and is unable to penetrate the hydrophobic interior of the membrane. | Water Soluble |
| Molecules that have the ability to squeeze between phospholipids. | Small Molecules |
| These molecules must be broken down into their building blocks allowing them to pass with ease. ex. carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids. | Large Molecules |
| Ions, Glucose units, small lipids, AAs, and gases all use this type of transport to enter and exit the cell. | Small molecule transport |
| A random passive movement, moving from a greater concentration to a lesser concentration, with or down a concentration gradient. | diffusion |
| the net movement of water across a selective permeable membrane also going from greater to lesser concentration is ? | Osmosis |
| 3 types of osmosis? | Isotonic, Hypertonic, Hypotonic |
| A solution with similar concentration and molecular particles, where no osmosis occurs is? | Isotonic |
| A salty, concentrated colution, making the cell more watery and causing the cell to shrink is? | Hypertonic |
| A watery, dilute solution, more concentrated in the beginning and has water leave the solution to dilute the cell contents is? | Hypotonic |
| 2 types of Hypotonic Osmosis? | Turgor, Bursting |
| Found in plant cells, causes the cell to swell? | Turgor |
| Found in animal cells, causes cell to swell and burst? | Bursting |
| Diffusion that requires a carrier protein and does not need any special energy; Pore protein channels are always open and lined with AA's containing specific charge, that allow only certain molecules to enteror exit. | Facillitated Diffusion |
| Requires a carrier protein, changes shape when ATP binds to it, requires special energy, go from lesser to greater concentration, also known as pumps. | Active Transport |
| Narrow protein channels are closed,hormones or neurotransmitter bind to a receptor on the cell, causes the gate to open and let small molecules pass. | Chemical Sensitive Gated Channels |
| Narrow protein channels are closed, AA's lining the gate are charged, a wave of opposite charged voltage come down the membrane, attracting charges open the gate and small molecules may pass. | Voltage Sensitive Gated Channels |
| A small molecule attaches to a carrier protein, is then carried thru the membrane and let out the other side. | Mobile Carriers |
| Several types of substances | Coupled Channels |
| Na+ enters the cell & K+ leaves the cell, through the same protein channel. | Antiport |
| Glucose or an AA enters a cell if an Na+ is present to enter with. | Symport |
| Type of transport used by large molecules, particles, cell parts, viruses, bacteria, secretions, wastes, and poisons | Vesicular |
| The process of a cell surrounding a particle with its cytoplasm, engulfing it, invaginating, and then bounds off as a membrane bound vacuole. | Phagocytosis |
| The process at which a cell invaginates a particle and buds off as a membrane bound vesicle. | Pinocytosis |
| Pushing substances out into body fluids from cells. | Exocytosis |
| Taking substances from body fluids into cells. | Endocytosis |
| Taking in substances, transport them across the cytoplasm and eject them on the other side of the cell. | Trancytosis |
| Transport vesicles or secretory vesicles taking substances from one membranous organelle to another, or to and from the plasma membrane. | Vesicular Trafficking |
| A cells surface recptor glycoproteins recognize and bind with a larger molecule, the cells membrane then engulfs it and buds off as a vacuole. | Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis, Transcytosis, & Exocytosis |
| Keeps cells together | Membrane Attachments |
| Surface cells are held tightly together near the surface to prevent substances from penetrating between them, if they do penetrate it will be through the cell. | Tight Junctions |
| Dense plates of protein in adjacent cell membranes and the proteins connecting them that keep cells together when forces try to pull them apart, found deeper in a layer of cells than tight junctions. | Desmosomes |
| Found only in plants, protects, supports, and prevents from bursting. | Cell Walls |
| 2 parts of a cell wall? | Primary & Secondary |
| Primary wall later forms the? | Middle Lamella |
| Secondary walls can be made up of what materials? | Pectin, Lignin, Fungi,& Monera |
| Allows substances to pass from one cell to another and to recognize other cells and molecules from themselves. | Cell to Cell Communication |
| Protein pores of 2 adjacent animal cells line up with each other and form continuous channels between the cells. tiny narrow passage | Gap Junctions |
| Finger-like cytoplasmic projections that connect 2 plant or fungal cells through holes in their cell walls. large passage | Plasmodesmata |
| Fuzzy, flexible coat of glycolipids and glycoproteins on the outer surface of an animal that act as receptors, recognize other cells, and create contact inhibition. | Glycocalyx |
| made up of membranes | Membranous Organelles |
| Network of tubes and channels that compartmentalize the cytoplasm. | Endoplasmic Reticulum |
| An E.R. with NO ribosomes. | Agranular |
| An E.R. that contains ribosomes. | Granular |
| Balls of RNA, found on the E.R. cytoplasmic surface, site in which proteins are made. | Ribosomes |
| 3 types of RNA | Messenger, Ribosomal, & Transfer |
| Long, single, string-like molecule that takes info for protein synthesis from DNA and threads it through the ribosome sub-units. | Messenger RNA |
| Ball in shape, wound with proteins forming 2 particles, then clamp together to for ribosomes. | Ribosomal RNA |
| There are 20 different types of these, they take AA's that match them from the cytoplasm to the ribosome. | Transfer RNA |
| Membrane bound bubbles, bud off from the E.R. and take finished proteins to the golgi complex and fuse with golgi membranes. | Transport Vesicles |
| Stacked of flattened membranous sacs that make, assemble, and store carbohydrates; also stores proteins and folds them into their final form. Modifies, combines, sorts, and packs carbs, lipids, & proteins that are made within the cell. | Golgi Apparatus |
| membrane bound bubbles thta take cell products form the golgi to other organelles or the cell membrane. aka: Secretions | Secretory Vesicles |
| Membrane bound sacs with acid hydrolysis enzymes, bud off from golgi apparatus and fuse with vacuoles that carry food, viruses, damaged organelles, Macromolecules, Some Toxins, & diseased or worn out body cells. | Lysosomes |
| Stacked of flattened membranous sacs that make, assemble, and store carbohydrates; also stores proteins and folds them into their final form. Modifies, combines, sorts, and packs carbs, lipids, & proteins that are made within the cell. | Golgi Apparatus |
| Membrane bound sacs containing redox, usually Catalase. Makes Crystals often found in animal liver and kidney cell, or leaves of plants. | Peroxisomes |
| membrane bound bubbles thta take cell products form the golgi to other organelles or the cell membrane. aka: Secretions | Secretory Vesicles |
| Membrane bound sacs with acid hydrolysis enzymes, bud off from golgi apparatus and fuse with vacuoles that carry food, viruses, damaged organelles, Macromolecules, Some Toxins, & diseased or worn out body cells. | Lysosomes |
| Membrane bound sacs containing redox, usually Catalase. Makes Crystals often found in animal liver and kidney cell, or leaves of plants. | Peroxisomes |
| Cell parts recognize each other by these? | Surface Receptors |
| Membranous sacs with water that store food, pigment, toxic substances, and wastes. | Vacuoles |
| Traveling in the cytoplasm these help vesicles move by pulling, pushing, providing tracks, and roadways to guide vesicles to their destinations. | Motor Proteins |
| Many small scattered vacuoles can be found in? | Animal Cells |
| Power house of the cell. Break down food molecules with O2 to produce CO2, H2O, and energy stored in the form of ATP. | Mitochondria |
| One large central vacuole can be found in ? | Plant Cells |
| cytoplasm contained within the mitochondrion. More respiratory enzymes dissolve here. | Matrix |
| Cell parts recognize each other by these? | Surface Receptors |
| shelves or folds of the inner membrane. respiratory enzymes built in or attached. | Cristae |
| Traveling in the cytoplasm these help vesicles move by pulling, pushing, providing tracks, and roadways to guide vesicles to their destinations. | Motor Proteins |
| Plant and protist cells, that have their own DNA, RNA, and Ribosomes, there are 3 types of these. | Plastids |
| Power house of the cell. Break down food molecules with O2 to produce CO2, H2O, and energy stored in the form of ATP. | Mitochondria |
| 3 Types of Plastids | Chloroplasts, Chromoplasts, and Amyloplasts. |
| cytoplasm contained within the mitochondrion. More respiratory enzymes dissolve here. | Matrix |
| Green, smooth membranes, that contain thykaloids, grana, and stroma. | Chloroplasts |
| shelves or folds of the inner membrane. respiratory enzymes built in or attached. | Cristae |
| Membranous discs that perform the light reactions of photosynthesis. | Thykaloids |
| Plant and protist cells, that have their own DNA, RNA, and Ribosomes, there are 3 types of these. | Plastids |
| Stacks of thykaloids that resemble a stack of coins | Grana |
| 3 Types of Plastids | Chloroplasts, Chromoplasts, and Amyloplasts. |
| Watery matrix that have enzymes for dark reactions of photosynthesis and make sugars and proteins. | Stroma |
| Green, smooth membranes, that contain thykaloids, grana, and stroma. | Chloroplasts |
| Carotenoid(yellow & orange) & Anthocyanin(reds, blues, & violets) pigments. | Chromoplasts |
| Membranous discs that perform the light reactions of photosynthesis. | Thykaloids |
| White in color, stores starches made by the plant. | Amyloplasts |
| Stacks of thykaloids that resemble a stack of coins | Grana |
| Organelles used for cell shape and movement; can be temporary or permanent. | Cytoskeleton |
| Watery matrix that have enzymes for dark reactions of photosynthesis and make sugars and proteins. | Stroma |
| Thick, Hollow tubes of protein sub units, provide tracks for movement of large organelles | |
| Carotenoid(yellow & orange) & Anthocyanin(reds, blues, & violets) pigments. | Chromoplasts |
| White in color, stores starches made by the plant. | Amyloplasts |
| Organelles used for cell shape and movement; can be temporary or permanent. | Cytoskeleton |
| Thick, Hollow tubes of protein sub units, provide tracks for movement of large organelles and add to the shape of the cell. | Microtubules |
| Protein sub units. | Tubulin |
| Long whip-like threads composed of microtubules. Sperm. | Flagella |
| 9 Peripheral doublets = | 2s of Microtubules + 2 central singlets = 1s of microtubules in each flagellum |
| Short, hairlike threads composed of microtubules. Propel particles & mucus along the surfaces of stationary cells; respiratory lining cells. | Cilia |
| Motor proteins studding the Microtubules in cilia & flagella; Help microtubules slide and bend for movement. | Dynein |
| Anchors the cilium or flagellum in the cytoplasm. Grows an assembly of microtubules into cilia & flagella. | Basal Bodies |
| 2 cylinders @ right angles to each other near the nucleus, grow out spindle fibers which attach to chromosomes and pull them apart from each other in cell division. also give rise to basal bodies. | Centrioles |
| Fibers and rods, that are like tough ropes, maintain cell size and shape and give strength holding organelles in place. Contains Keratin, Spectrin, Ankyrins, and Motor Proteins. | Intermediate Filaments |
| An oozing movement of the cytoplasm. | Cytoplasmic streaming |
| Find thoughout the cytoplasm, thinnest rods, 1/3 as thick as microtubules. Tracks small organelle movement, channel cytoplasmic streaming in plants, change cell shape, endocytosis, exocytosis, form core microvilli, strengthen pseudopodia | Microfilaments |
| Composed of 2 strands of protein subunits, spirally wound around each other. | Actin |
| Permanent indentations in cell membrane. Provide more surface area for absorption & diffusion. digestive track lining cells | Microvilli |
| Transient indentations in the cell membrane. Cell locomotion and phagocytosis(eating of particles) | Pseudopodia |
| 2 membranes like cell membrane in composition and have an intermembranous space between them. large pores allow movement of RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. outer membrance connects with the membranes of the E.R. | Nuclear Membrane (Nuclear Envolope) |
| intermembranous space berween the 2 nuclear membranes where substances can travel in and be stored. | Perinuclear Cisterna |
| Very complex construction that stores 100 different proteins each. | Nuclear Pore Complex(NPC) |
| 8 channels that radiate to the sides & open into into the perinuclear cisterna. | Peripheral Channels |
| 1 channel that allows RNA and large molecules to pass from the nucleus into the cytoplasm | Central Channel |
| contains a 3-d protein that gives support and shape and guides molecules around. watery found in the nucleus. | Nuclear Matrix(Nucleoplasm) |
| Threads of uncoiled DNA, tangled like spaghetti, take this form during the stages of the cells life cf cycle other than during cell division. | Chromatin |
| Rodlike, coiled DNA, take form during cell division,has certain characteristic number for each species. | Chromosomes |
| Sections of DNA that carry hereditary traots for body features & processes. uses a series of code words for AA sequence of polypeptides or proteins | Genes |
| Spot in the nucleus where the r-RNA is made and temporarily stored to move out into the cytoplasm later | Nucleolus |
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