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Chem Vocab

Chemistry Vocabulary

TermMeaning
scientific method the way in which scientists answer questions and solve problems
proton a positively charged subatomic particle of the nucleus of an atom ; the number of protons of the nucleus is the atomic number that determines the identity of an element
heat the transfer of energy between objects that are at different temperatures; energy is always transferred from higher temps. to lower temperature objects until thermal equilibrium is reached
kinetic energy the energy of motion; kinetic energy depends on speed and mass
medium the substance through which a wave can travel
acid any compound that increases the number of hydrogen ions when dissolved in water and whose solution tastes sour and can change the color of certain compounds
valence electrons the electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom; they determine how an element with react with other substances
chemical formula the shorthand notation that uses chemical symbols and numbers to represent a substance
volume the amount of space that something occupies or the amount of space that something contains
observation any use of senses to gather information
atom the smallest particles into which an element can be divided and still be the same substance; the smallest unit of an element that has all the properties of that element
thermal energy the total energy of particles that make up a substance
mass the amount of matter that something is made of
wave a disturbance that transmits energy through matter or space
data any pieces of information gathered through experimentation
atomic number the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
density the amount of matter in a given space or volume; the mass per unit volume of a substance
exothermic the terms used to describe a physical or chemical change in which energy is given off
product substance formed from a chemical reaction
reactant a starting material in a chemical reaction
ionic compound a compound that contains ionic bonds
isotope an atom that has the same number of protons as other atoms of the same element but has a different number of neutrons
electron a negatively charges subatomic particle that is found in all atoms; electrons are involved in the formation of chemical bonds
theory a unifying explanation for a broad range of hypotheses and observations that have been supported by testing
pH a measurement of the hydronium ion concentration in a solution
chemical bond the force of attraction that holds two atoms together
endothermic the terms used to describe a physical or chemical change in which energy is absorbed
neutron a subatomic particle of the nucleus of an atom that has no charge
molecule a neutral group of atoms held together by covalent bonds
covalent bond a bond that results from the attraction between the nuclei of an atom where the electrons are shared by the atoms
ion a charged particle that forms during chemical changes when one or more valence electrons are transferred from one atom to another
law a summary of many exerimental results and observations; a law tells how things work
alkali metals the elements in group one of the periodic table; they are the most reactive metals; their atoms have one valence electron
nobel gases the elements in group 18 of the periodic table; they are unreactive nonmetals; their atoms have 8 valence electrons, except for helium with has two
base any compound that increases the number of hydroside ions when dissolved in water and whose solution tastes bitter; feels slippery and can change the colors of certain compounds
covalent compound a compound that contains only covalent bonds
ionic bond the force of attraction between oppositely charged ions
organic compound a covalent compound that is composed of carbon-based molecules
Created by: rebabeard132
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