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cainvinchap4maslakow
chapter 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Lysosomes | vesicles containing digestive enzymes they digest bacteria, large molecules, and worn out cell parts |
| Vesicle | small, spherically shaped sacs that are surrounded by a single membrane they are classified by their contents |
| Cytosol | complex mixture of substances dissolved in water within the cytoplasm. It contains water,sodium, potassium and calcium ions, enzymes and other proteins. |
| Cytoskeleton | filaments and tubes within the cytoplasm that give structure to the cell. They are active in cell division |
| Prokaryotes | have no nucleus ,Circular DNA, no membrane, very small, reproduce very quickly,prokaryotes have two domains: Bacteria and Archaea |
| Eukaryotes | have a nucleus,linear DNA, many membranes,organelles,relativity large size,reproduce slowly. |
| Nucleus | A membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells. It contains genetic information and it is the control center of the cell by regulating gene expression. |
| Ribosomes | sites of protein synthesis some are free in cytoplasm most are attached to endoplasmic reticular (rough ER) |
| 3 structures unique to plant cells | The production of the cell wall. There large central vacuole. And they contain a variety of plastids |
| the 3 plastids | Plastids are organelles that are surrounded by a double membrane and contain their own DNA, the 3 common ones are are chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and leucoplasts |
| integral and peripheral proteins | an integral protein it is a specific protein embedded within the lipid bilayer. they emerge from only one side of the membrane. A peripheral protein lie on only one side of the membrane and are not embedded in it |
| Cell membrane (plasma membrane) | phospholipid belayer.materials enter or exit through the cell membrane and controls the interaction with it environment and excretion of wastes. contains integral proteins allow entrance by passive or active transport and peripheral proteins or enzymes |
| the 4 steps from protein synthesis to export | 1.Assembly on ribosomes( mostly on rough ER) 2. It goes from the ER to the Golgi apparatus 3. Then it goes from the Golgi to the vesicles 4. then it exits by going to the cellular vesicles and leaving |
| cell theory | the belief that 1. all living things are composed of one or more cells 2. cells are the basic units of structure and function 3.cells only come from the reproduction of existing cells |
| Chromosomes | Structures that are in the nucleus made of DNA And protein |
| Chromatin | When the cell is not dividing the DNA Is in a thread like form called chromatin. |
| Nucleolus | the site within the nucleus where RNA is made. |
| rough ER | system of interconnected flattened sacs covered with ribosomes |
| smooth ER | lacks ribosomes and thus has a smooth appearance. smooth ER builds lipids like cholesterol |
| Cristae | the inner folds in a membrane of mitochondria |
| mitochondria | tiny organelles that transfer energy from organic molecules into ATP |
| 4 levels in a multicellular orgainism | Cell-->tissue-->Organ-->Organ System-->Organism |
| Cytoplasm | the jelly like substance in a cell that contains the cytosol,cytoskeleton, and organelles |
| Golgi apparatus | system of flattened membranous sacs. |
| Exocytosis | Process by which a substance is released from the cell through a vesicle |
| Endocytosis | Process by which cells ingest external fluid, macromolecules, and large particles |
| Leucoplasts | It is a plastid it is used as a storage for starch or oil |
| Peroxisomes | vesicles with enzymes to break down drugs or toxins |
| Cilia | hair like filamentous structures that extend from the surface of the cell for movement |
| Centrioles | cylinders of microtubuoles near the nucleus except during cell division |
| 30/30 | Please add equation for photosynthesis. |
Created by:
Maslakowskis
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