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GC Chapter 14
Brain and Cranial Nerves
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Deep groove that separates hemispheres | Longitudinal Fissures |
| Thick Folds | Gyri |
| Shallow Grooves | Sulci |
| Thick nerve bundle underneath the longitudinal Fissure that connects the hemispheres | Corpus Callosum |
| Area of the brain that occupies the posterior cranial fossa | Cerebellum |
| Area of the brain that contains 50% of the brains neurons | Cerebellum |
| This type of tissue makes up the cortex over the cerebrum cerebellum, and nuclei | Gray matter |
| This type of tissue composes the tracts that connect the areas of the brain | White matter |
| This sheet of tissue anchors neural tissue to the skull and bones of the vertebral canal | Dura Mater |
| This sheet of tissue cushions the entry/exit of large vessels | Arachnoid Mater |
| This sheet of delicate tissue is where capillaries that serve the brain enter | Pia Mater |
| This substance created buoyancy, protection, and chemical stability for the brain | CSF |
| This function/substance is necessary to provide the brain with ATP | Aerobic Respiration/Oxygen |
| This Functions to regulate the flow of substances that get into the brain | BBB |
| Where the BBB form in blood vessels | Tight junctions between the endothelium of the capillaries |
| Portion of the Astrocyte that connects to the capillary to form the BBB | Perivascular Feet |
| Where the Blood-CSF barrier forms in the choroid plexus | In tight junctions between ependymal cells |
| Where is the BBB absent | In the circumventricular organs |
| Where are the CVOs | Median Eminence, Posterior Pit and Pineal Gland |
| What is the hindbrain | Medulla, pons |
| What is the midbrain | Superior/inferior colliculi, cerebellum |
| What is the Forebrain | Diencephalon, cerebral cortex |
| What area of the brain is the cardiac, vasomotor, resiratory and reflex center | Medulla Oblongata |
| Area of the brain where cranial nerves 5,6,7,8 attach | Pons |
| area of the pons that contain the nuclei for sleep, respiration and posture | Reticular Formation |
| Areas that contain reticular formation | Medulla, pons,midbrain |
| Contains the motor nuclei for cranial nerves 3 and 4 | Midbrain |
| Upper pair of corpora quadrigemina that funtions in visual attention,tracking with the eyes and some reflexes | Superior Colliculi |
| Lower pair of corpora quadrigemina that recieves info from the inner ear | Inferior Colliculi |
| Two stalks that anchor the cerebrum to the brainstem, has motor efferents/afferents | Cerebral Peduncles |
| Lesions in this area of the brain cause emotional overreactions and problems with impulse control | Cerebellum |
| area of the brain responsible for motor control, timekeeping, evaluation of sensory input, hearing | Cerebellum |
| Area that filters info on its way to the cerebrum and relays info from the cerebellum to the cerebrum | Thalamus |
| control center of the autonomic/endrcine systems | Hypothalamus |
| mass of tissue that comprises the epithalamus | Pineal gland |
| area of the brain that is the seat for sensory perception, memory, thought, judgement, and voluntary motor actions | Cerebrum |
| Cerebral lobe responsible for motivation, foresight, planning, memory, mood, emotion, social judgement, aggression, voluntary motor function | Frontal Lobe |
| Cerebral lobe responsible for taste and some visual processing | Parietal Lobe |
| Cerebral lobe that is the primary visual Center | Occipital Lobe |
| Cerebral lobe responsible for hearing, smell, learning, memory, some vision and emotion | Temporal Lobe |
| Cerebral lobe responsible for understanding spoken word, taste and sensory info from visceral receptors | Insula |
| carry info between the cerebrum and the rest of the body | Projection tracts |
| enable the two hemispheres to communicate with each other | Commisural tracts |
| tracts that connect different regions within the same cerebral hemisphere | Association tracts |
| type of neuron that receive sensory info and process info on a local level | Stellate cells |
| Only Neurons that leave the cortex and connect with other parts of the CNS | Pyramidial Cells |
| Association area that percieves stimuli | Parietal Association area |
| Association area that identifies stimuli | Temporal Association area |
| Assoicaion area for planning/personality | Frontal Association area |
| Interpretive areas responsible for patterns of cellular organization in cerebral cortex | Brodmann Areas |
| Area of cerebral cortex that recognizes language/plans speech, Left parietal/temporal lobe | Wernicke's area |
| Area of cerebral cortex that programs muscles involved in speech Left lateral frontal lobe | Broca's Area |
| Motor Cranial nerves | 3 4 6 11 12 |
| Sensory Cranial nerves | 1 2 8 |
| Mixed cranial nerves | 5 7 9 10 |
| Components of the brainstem from (caudal-rostral) | diencephalon, midbrain, midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata |
| small mass of tissue, comprises the pineal gland | Epithalamus |
| Name for the Cerebrum | Telencephalon |
| cerebral lobe responsible for voluntary motor, motivation, foresight,planning, mood, emotion social judgement, aggression | Frontal Lobe |
| cerebral lobe responsible for taste and some visual processing | Parietal Lobe |
| cerebral lobe that is the primary visual center | Occipital lobe |
| cerebral lobe that responsible for hearing, smell, learning, memory, some aspects of vision and emotion | Temporal Lobe |
| cerebral lobe responsible for understanding spoken language, taste and sensory info from visceral receptors | Insula |
| six layer tissue that makes up 90% of the cerebral cortex | neocortex |
| area of the temporal lobe responsible for memory | hippocampus |
| area rostral to the hippocampus, responsible for emotion | amygdala |
| What are the higher brain functions | Sleep, memory, cognition, emotion sensation, motor control, language |
| brain waves normal in an adult when they are resting, eyes closed with mind wandering | Alpha waves |
| brain waves normal in people with eyes open, performing mental tasks, increased during times of mental activity and sensory stimulation | Beta waves |
| brain waves normal in sleeping adult, occur when awake during times of emotional distress | Theta waves |
| brain waves that occur during deep sleep | Delta waves |
| area responsible for learned eye movements (reading left to right, in the precentral gyrus, laterally | frontal eye field |
| lesion in wernike area, speech normal but excessive, cannot understand spoken/written language | fluent aphasia |
| lesion in broca area, speaks slowly, chooses words that are approximate to the correct word | non fluent aphasia |
| where the division of the cerebrum describes the left side as the catagorical hemisphere and the right side is the representational hemisphere | cerebral lateralization |
| condition characterized by stabbing pains in near mouth and nose that is brought on by eating drinking, washing face | Tic Douloureux (Trigeminal Neuralgia) |
| Degenerative disorder of the facial muscles that paralizes one side of the face | Bell's Palsy |
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