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Section 3.3 and 3.4
Eukaryotic cells, Origin an Evolution of the Eukaryotic Cell
| Vocab | Definition |
|---|---|
| Eukaryotic Cells | type of cell that has a membrane-bounded nucleus and organelles; found in organsims within the domain Eukarya |
| Nucleus | membrane-bounded organelle within a eukaryotic cell that contians chromosomes and controls the structure and function of the cell |
| chromatin | network of fibrils consisting of DNA and associated proteins observed within a nucleus that is not dividing |
| chromosomes | Rodlike structure in the nucleus seen during cell division; contains the hereditary units, or genes |
| nucleoplasm | semefluid medium of the nucleus containing chromatin |
| nucleolus | dark-staining, spherical body in the nucleus that produces ribosomal subunits |
| nuclear envelope | double membrane that surrounds the nucleus and is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum |
| nuclear pore | opening in the nuclear envelope that permits the passage of proteins into the nucleus and ribosomal subunits out of the nucleus |
| polyribosomes | string of ribosomes simutaneously translating regions of the same mRNA strand during protein synthesis |
| vesicles | small, membrane-bounded sac that stores substances within a cell |
| endoplasmic reticulum (ER) | membranous system of tubules, vesicles, and sacs in cells, sometimes having attached ribosomes. rough ER has ribosomes; smooth ER does not |
| Golgi Apparatus | organelle, consisting of flattened saccules and also vesicles, that processes, package, and distributes molecules within or from the cell |
| Secretion | release of a substance by exocytosis from a cell that may be a gland or part of a gland |
| Vacuole | Membrane-bounded sac that holds fluid and a variety of other substances |
| Peroxisomes | Enzyme-filled vesicle in which fatty acids and amina acids are metabolized to hydrogen peroxide that is then broken down to harmless products |
| Chloroplasts | membranous organelle that contains chlorophyll and is the site of photosynthesis |
| mitochondria | membrane-bounded organelle in which ATP molecules are produced during the process of cellular respiration |
| photosynthesis | process by which plants and algae make thier own food using the energy of the sun |
| cellular respiratioin | metabolic reactions that use the energy from carbohydrate, fatty acid, or amino acid breakdown to produce ATP molecules |
| stroma | microscopic opening bordered by guard cells in the leaves of plants through which gas exchange takes place |
| granum | stack of chlorophyll-containing thylakoids in a chloroplast |
| matrix | unstructured semifluid substance that fills the space between cells in connective tissues or inside organelles |
| cristae | short, fingerlike projections formed by the folding of the inner membrane of mitochondria |
| cytoskeleton | internal framework of the cell, consisting of microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments |
| motor molecules | proteins that attach to cytoskeletal elements and allow for cell/organelle movement |
| centrosome | cental microtubule organizing center of cells. in animal cells, it contains two centrioles |
| centrioles | cell organelle, existing in pairs, that occurs in the centrosome and may help organize a mitotic spindle for chromosome movement during animal cell division |
| cillium | motile, short, hairlike extensions on the exposed surfaces of cells |
| endosymbiotic theory | Possible explanation for the evolution of eukaryotic organelles by phagocytosis of prokaryotes |
Created by:
kperks
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