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Vocabulary ch. 10

vocabulary 10

QuestionAnswer
Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) Is a nucleic acid—a molecule made of nucleotides linked together.
Uracil In addition to the A, G, and C nitrogen bases found in DNA, RNA nucleotides can have a nitrogen base
Transcription The instructions for making a protein are transferred from a gene to an RNA molecule in a process
Translation Cells then use two different types of RNA to read the instructions on the RNA molecule and put together the amino acids that make up the protein in a process.
Gene Expression The entire process by which proteins are made based on the information encoded in DNA or protein synthesis.
RNA Polymerase an enzyme that adds and links complementary RNA nucleotides during transcription, as required.
Messenger RNA is a form of RNA that carries the instructions for making a protein from a gene and delivers it to the site of translation.
Codons The RNA instructions are written as a series of three-nucleotide sequences on the mRNA.
Genetic Code The amino acids and “start” and “stop” signals that are coded for by each of the possible 64 mRNA codons.
Transfer RNA molecules are single strands of RNA that temporarily carry a specific amino acid on one end.
Anticodon a three-nucleotide sequence on a tRNA that is complementary to an mRNA codon.
Ribosomal RNA molecules are RNA molecules that are part of the structure of ribosomes.
Operator The piece of DNA that overlaps the promoter site and serves as the on-off switch
Operon In bacteria, a group of genes that code for enzymes involved in the same function, their promoter site, and the operator that controls them all function together
lac Operon The operon that controls the metabolism of lactose
Repressor a protein that binds to an operator and physically blocks RNA polymerase from binding to a promoter site.
Introns long segments of nucleotides that have no coding information
Exons the portions of a gene that are translated (expressed) into proteins.
Point Mutation a single nucleotide changes
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