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Pulmonology
Internal Medicine
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. β-agonist inhaler used for acute asthma exacerbations 2. long acting β-agonist inhaler | 1. albuterol 2. salmeterol |
| Good drug to use for asthma control in patients with heart disease. | anticholinergic drugs (i.e. ipratropium bromide or tiopropium) |
| Chronic asthma control in: 1. adults 2. children | 1. inhaled corticosteroids 2. mast cell stabilizers (cromolyn and nedocromil) |
| First line drugs in COPD patients | anticholinergic drugs (i.e. ipratropium bromide or tiopropium) |
| Test to evaluate a patient with hx of cough and wheezing who has a normal PFT. | 1. methacholine challenge for asthma diagnosis 2. patient may have normal PFT when there is no asthma exacerbation |
| Diagnosis: 1. obstructive pattern PFT 2. normal DLCO 3. bronchodilator reversibility | asthma |
| Diagnosis: 1. obstructive pattern PFT 2. normal DLCO 3. no bronchodilator reversibility | chronic bronchitis |
| Diagnosis: 1. obstructive pattern PFT 2. decreased DLCO | emphysema |
| How is the A-a gradient calculated? | 150 - 1.25xPaCO2 - PaO2 |
| 1. What is the normal A-a gradient? 2. What causes an increase in the gradient? | 1. between 5 and 15 2. all causes of hypoxemia except hypoventilation and high altitude |
| To investigate an unexplained pleural effusion, what tests should be performed from the thoracentesis fluid? | 1. LDH 2. protein |
| Thoracentesis fluid 1. LDH > 200 IU/ml 2. protein/serum ration < 0.5 | 1. exudative 2. transudative |
| Management of a pleural effusion in a pneumonia patient? | 1. antibiotics 2. thoracocentesis to rule out empyema |
| What are common triggers of intrinsic asthma? | 1. infections 2. cold 3. exercise |
| What are common triggers of extrinsic asthma? | allergens (IgE mediated) |
| Prophylactic medication for exercise induced asthma. | cromolyn |
| Most common cause of COPD exacerbation. | viral lung infections |
| Treatment of acute COPD exacerbation | 1. ipratropium + albuterol 2. systemic corticosteroids 3. antibiotics (fluroquinolone or azithromycin) |
| Best predictor of survival in COPD patients? | FEV1 |
| Patient develops a skin ulceration after starting warfarin. What is the deficiency? | 1. Warfarin skin necrosis 2. protein C deficiency |
| 1. ICU patient suddenly gets respiratory failure with pulmonary edema 2. Treatment | 1. ARDS 2. treat underlying cause and start PEEP |
| Best initial test to diagnose bronchiectasis? | CT scan |
Created by:
amichael@siumed.edu
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