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FCSDBio-Genetics 2
Ch 9 Fundamentals of Genetics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| allele | an alternative form of a gene |
| anther | the male reproductive parts of a plant in which pollen (sperm) is produced |
| codominance | an inheritance relationship in which neither of two alleles of the same gene totally masks the other |
| complete dominance | an inheritance relationship in which one allele is completely dominant over the other |
| cross-pollination | a reproductive process in which pollen from one plant is transferred to the stigma of another plant |
| dihybrid cross | a cross between individuals that involves two pairs of contrasting traits |
| dominant | referring to an allele that that masks the presence of another allele for the same characteristic |
| F1 generation | the offspring of cross-pollinated P1 generation plants |
| F2 generation | the offspring of self-pollinated F1 generation plants |
| genetics | the field of biology devoted to understanding how traits are passed from parents to offspring |
| genotyoe | the genetic make up of an organism |
| genotypic ratio | the probable ratio of genotypes produced by a cross |
| heredity | the transmission of traits from parents to their offspring |
| heterozygous | a gene pair in which the two alleles do not code for the same trait |
| incomplete dominance | an inheritance relationship that occurs when both alleles influence the phenotype |
| law of independent assortment | states that pairs of genes separate independently of one another in meiosis |
| law of segregation | state that pairs of genes separate in meiosis and each gamete receives one gene of a pair |
| monohybrid cross | a cross between individuals that involves one pair of contrasting traits |
| P1 generation | a strain obtained through self-pollination |
| phenotype | the external appearance of organism that is determined by the individual's genotype |
| phenotypic ratio | the ratio of the offspring's phenotypes |
| pollination | the transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma of a flower of the same species |
| probability | the number of times an event is expected to happen divided by the number of opportunities for an even to happen |
| Punnett square | a model used to establish the probabilities of the results of a genetic cross |
| pure | always produce offspring with the same traits |
| recessive | an allele that is masked by the presence of another allele for the same characteristic |
| self-pollination | pollination involving the same flower, flowers of the same plant, or two genetically identical plants |
| stigma | the female reproductive part of a plant that receives the pollen |
| testcross | the crossing of a individual of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown genotype |
| trait | a category within which alternate characteristics, such as height and eye color, can be observed |
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