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Biology 9 vocab

Cellular Reproduction

QuestionAnswerQuestionAnswer
Adaptation A feature that an organism gains to adapt in an enviroment
Allele One of a series of possible alternative forms of a given gene (or trait) which affects the function or expression of the gene sexual reproduction A type of reproduction that occurs when sex cells from two parents combine to form a new organism
Asexual reproduction A type of reproduction involving only one parent in which the parent creates a genetically similar or identical copy of itself Gene A basic unit of heredity consisting of small subunits, or alleles, made of DNA sequences that determine how an organism's body is built and maintained
Binary fission A type of asexual reproduction that occurs when one organism divides into TWO EQUALLY sized organisms Law of independent assotment A concept explaining that alleles for any one gene will be sorted independently without affecting or being affected by any other genes during gamete formation
Chomosome The physical structure of DNA and protein found in the nucleus of a cell that contains thousands of genes; made up of two identical chromatids Meiosis The process of cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms and involves two cell divisions
Egg A female reproductive cell Mitosis The process of cell division that occurs in somatic cells in which the nucleus divides
Gamete A sex cell; a reproductive cell, a sperm or egg cell eukaryote A cell or organism that possesses a membranebound nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
prokaryote An organism with cells that lack a nucleus and some other cell structures fertilization The joining of a male and female sex cell; the fusion of an egg and a sperm
Diploid Having two sets of chromosomes; two copies of each chromosome Sperm A male reproductive cell
DNA The genetic coding for an organism Zygote A fertilized egg; the single cell formed when a sperm fertilizes an egg
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