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Genetics (Mendelian)
Mendelian Genetics Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Gregor Mendel | Known as the Father of Genetics; an Austrian Monk who used peas to understand principles of genetics |
| Trait | a specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another |
| Punnett Squares | Diagram that shows the gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross |
| Homozygous | the alleles are the same; true-breeding organism |
| Heterozygous | the alleles are different; hybrid organism |
| Law of Independent Assortment | the random distribution of alleles occurs during gamete formation; genes on separate chromosomes sort independently during meiosis |
| Law of Segregation | the separation of alleles during sex cell (gamete) formation |
| Dominant | trait will be expressed |
| Recessive | trait will not be expressed or will only be expressed if a dominant trait is not present |
| Sex Linked | Pertaining to a character or trait determined by gene(s) located in the sex chromosome(s). |
| Pedigree | A diagram showing the lineage or genealogy of an individual and all the direct ancestors, usually to analyze or follow the inheritance of trait. |
| Genotype | Genetic makeup |
| Phenotype | Physical Characteristics |
| Monohybrid | a kind of cross between two distinct genetic lines in which each homozygous parent differs in one trait and one trait only. |
| Dihybrid | a genetic cross that is heterozygous for alleles of two different genes. |
| Meiosis | A form of cell division happening in sexually reproducing organisms in which meiosis I and meiosis II occur,leading to the production of four haploid gametes, each containing one of every pair of homologous chromosomes |