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Biology 7.1-7.2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| each animal cell contains one or more chloroplasts? (T/F) | false |
| what is a function of the nucleus? | stores DNA |
| what contain digestive enzymes that break down proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbs? | lysosomes |
| what enables eukaryotic cells to carry out specialized functions? | organelles |
| Who observed cork cells under a microscope? | Rober Hooke |
| Which type of microscope can produce 3D images of a cell's surface? | scanning electron microscope (SEM) |
| what stores info that directs the activities of a cell? | DNA |
| where is most of a cell's ATP produced? | in the cell's mitochondria |
| all living things that aren't bacteria are what? | eukaryotes |
| what's a function of the cytoskeleton? | helps a cell keep its shape |
| do eukaryotic cells have a nucleus? | yes |
| microtubes/microfilaments form a ________ of cells | cytoskeleton |
| as a cell gets larger, its surface are to volume ratio ________ | decreases |
| ______ in the cell membrane serve as channels, receptors, or markers | proteins |
| objective lens magnifications | red/low: 4x. yellow/objective: 10x. high/blue: 40x. eyepiece: 10x. |
| compound light microscope (CLM) | 2 lenses, light is refracted, 2D, specimens must be flat, resolution lost under high power |
| Antony VanLeeuwenhoek | saw first living cell from teeth scrapings and pond water |
| Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) | electrons shot through each specimen, view any dead or nonliving thing, vacuum environment, 2D |
| cell theory | all living cells come from other living cells, all living things are made up of cells, cells are the basic units of life |
| contributors to cell theory | matthias schleiden (all plants made of cells), theodor schwann (all animals made of cells), rudolf virchow (cell production) |
| prokaryotic cell | cell does not enclose dna in nuclei |
| bacteria are ______ | prokaryotes |
| bacillus | rod shaped bacteria |
| coccus | spherical bacteria |
| spirrillum | spiral bacteria |
| types of eukaryotes | plants, animals, fungi, protist |
| unicellu;ar | one cell, do all jobs of living, all bacteria, most protists, few fungi |
| multicellular | many cells, depends on other cells, division of labor |
| common feautures of cells | cell membrane, cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, ribosomes |
| ribosomes | make proteins |
| nucleus | only in eukaryotes, houses nucleolus, "control center" |
| nucleolus | makes ribosomes |
| endoplasmic reticulum | another internal membrane/lipid bilayer, rough or smmooth, highway for protein production |
| golgi apparatus | modify made proteins and package proteins |
| mitochondria | converts glucose into ATP |
| difference between plant and animal cells? | central vacuoles, chloroplasts (plants), cell wall (plants) |
| how do cells maintain homeostasis? | by regulating what can move in and out of cells |
| types of transport | passive transport (no energy), active transport (w/ energy ATP) |
| diffusion | molecules move from high concentration to low concentration, |
| equilibrium | balance (equal number of molecules of a particular substance in a given area. high concentration to low concentration = equilibrium |
| hypertonic | water moves out of cell, results in plasmolysis (shrivels up) |
| hypotonic | water in cell, results in cytolysis (swells and bursts) |
| isotonic | water goes in and out, results in homeostasis :) |
| what is the most important function of a cell membrane? | allows transport of stuff like water in and out of the cell |
| ion channels | help transport protein, ions go in and out of cell, help nerve cells send messages to muscles |
| facilitated diffusion | carrier proteins provide an opening in the lipid bilayer, helps transport substances, some water enters cell membrane but thats a longer process |
| aquaporins | water channel proteins that allow H20 to pass right through ""the plumbing system"" |
| sodium and potassium pumps | 3 Na+ are transported out at a time, 2 K+ are transported in at a time. cells expend a lot of energy for this! |
| receptor proteins | embedded in lipid bilayer, specialized to detect certain molecules that it may react to, stimulates enzyme production for chemical reactions |
| endocytosis | movement into the cell by vesicles. gobbles it up!!! |
| exocytosis | the cell rids itself of waste, proteins are exported |
| how do single cell organisms maintain homeostasis? | respond to environment, grow, reproduce, transform energy |
| how do multicellular organisms maintain homeostasis? | specialization, communciation, interdependence |
| levels of organization | atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism |
| specialized cells | cheek, blood, elodea, onion |
| cellular junctions | hold cells together |
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