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Vocab Ch. 8

QuestionAnswer
Chromosome In a eukaryotic cell: one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein. In a prokaryotic cell: the main ring of DNA
Histone A type of protein molecule found in the chromosomes of eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotic
Chromatid One of the two strands of a chromosome that become visible during meiosis or mitosis
Centromere The region of the chromosome that holds the two sister chromatids together during mitosis
Chromatin The material that makes up both mitotic and interphase chromosomes; a complex of proteins and DNA strands that are loosely coiled such that translations and transcription can occur
Sex Chromosome One of the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual
Autosome Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome
Homologous Chromosome Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes, that have the same structure, and that pair during meiosis
Karyotype A micrograph of the array of chromosomes visible in a cell during metaphase; a graphical display that shows and individuals chromosomes arranged in homologous pairs and in order of diminishing size
Diploid A cell that contains two haploid sets of chromosomes
Haploid Describes a cell, nucleus, or organism that has only one set of unpaired chromosomes
Binary Fission A form of asexual reproduction in a single-celled organism by which one cell divide into two cells of the same size
Mitosis In eukaryotic cells
Asexual Reproduction Reproduction that does not involve the union of gametes and which a single parent produces offspring identical to the parent
Meiosis A process in cell division during which during which the number chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus, which results in in the production of sex cells
Gamete A haploid reproductive cell that unites with another haploid cell to from a zygote
Interphase A period between two mitotic or meiotic divisions during which the cell grows, copies it's DNA, and synthesizes proteins
Cytokinesis The divisions of the cytoplasma of cell; follows the divisions of the cell's nucleus by mitosis or meiosis
Prophase The first stage of mitosis and meiosis in cell division
Spindle Fiber One of the microtubules that extend across a dividing eukaryotic cell; assists the movement of chromosomes
Metaphase One of the stages of mitosis and meiosis, during which all of the chromosomes move to the cell's equator
Anaphase A phase of mitosis and meiosis in which the chromosomes separate
Telophase The final stage of mitosis or meiosis, during which a nuclear membrane around forms around each set of new chromosomes
Cell Plate The precursor of a new cell wall that forms during cell divisions and divides a cell into two
Synapsis The pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis
Tetrad The four chromatids in a pair of homologous chromosomes that come together as a result synapsis during meiosis
Crossing-over The exchange of of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis; can result in genetic recombination
Genetic Recombination The regrouping of genes in an offsprings that results in a genetic makeup that is different than that of the parents
Independent Assortment The random distribution of the pairs of genes on different chromosomes to the gametes
Created by: cecoppoletta
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