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7 Science Chapter 17
Structure and Movement
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 5 Major functions of the skeletal system | 1. gives shape and support 2. protects inner organs 3. major muscle attaches to bone and helps them move 4. blood cells are formed in the center of many bones inside soft tissue called red marrow 5. calcium and phosphorous are stored in the skele |
| How many bones does the human skeleton have? | 206 |
| Periosteum | living bone's surface that is covered with a tough, tight-fitting membrane |
| compact bone | under the periosteum and gives bones their strength |
| spongy bone | located toward the ends of the long bones and make your bones lightweight |
| What is the spongy bone filled with? | marrow |
| marrow | inside spongy bone and is yellow and made up of fat cells |
| cartilage | smooth, slippery, thick layer of tissue located at the ends of bones |
| How does cartilage help bones? | flexible and important to joints because it acts as a shock absorber; it also makes movement easier by reducing friction that would be caused by bones rubbing together. |
| osteoclast | bone forming cells deposit minerals into bones making them hard |
| osteoclast | breaks down bone tissue in other areas of the bone |
| joint | where any 2 or more bones come together |
| ligament | a tough band of tissue that holds bones in place |
| immovable joints | allows little or no movement |
| What happens during osteoclast? | calcium and phosphorous are reeled into the bloodstream which are necessary for the working of your body |
| Example of immovable joints | skull and pelvis |
| movable joints | joints that are able to move |
| 4 types of movable joints | pivot, ball and socket, hinge, and gliding joint |
| pivot joint | one bone rotates in a a ring of another bone that does not move |
| example of a pivot joint | turning your head |
| ball and socket joint | consists of bone with a rounded end that fits into a cup like cavity of another bone and provides a wide range of motion |
| example of a ball and socket joint | shoulder which can easily be dislocated |
| hinge joint | back and forth movement |
| example of a hinge joint | knee, elbows, fingers |
| gliding joint | one part of the bone slides over another boned and move in a back and forth motion like hinge joints |
| example of a gliding joint | wrists, ankles, vertebrae |
| which joint is used the most in your body? | gliding joint |
| Which two joints move in a back and forth motion? | hinge and gliding joints |
| What makes bones hard? | calcium and phosphorous |
| muscle | an organ that can relax and contract and provides force to move your body parts |
| voluntary muscles | muscles you are able to control |
| involuntary muscles | muscles you cannot control |
| Example of voluntary muscles | heart, digestive system, breathing |
| Example of involuntary muscles | arms, legs, |
| 3 Types of muscle tissue | 1. skeletal muscles - move bones 2. cardiac muscles - found only in heart 3. smooth muscle - found in internal organs |
| What are the most common types of muscles? | skeletal muscles |
| How are skeletal muscles attached to bones? | by tendons |
| Name a smooth muscles | intestines, bladder, blood vessels |
| Skeletal muscles tend to contract quickly and ________ more easily than _______________ muscles do. | tire, involuntary |
| When one set of muscles contract, the others _______ | relax |
| Muscles always _______ | pull |
| Muscles can become larger or smaller depending on whether or not they are | used |
| Both skeletal and cardiac muscles are __________ | striated |
| Blood carries energy rich ____________ to your muscles so they can work. | molecules |
| _________________ is needed for muscle activity | chemical every |
| What is the body's largest organ? | the skin |
| 2 layers that make up the skin | epidermis and dermis |
| What takes place on the epidermis? | cells on top or dead, new cells are constantly being produced, and cells produce melanin |
| melanin | the pigment that gives color |
| melanin ______ when skin is exposed to rays | increases |
| dermis | layer of cells below epidermis and thicker than epidermis |
| What is the dermis made up of? | blood vessels, nerves, muscles, oil, and sweat glands |
| fat cells | are deposited in the dermis when a person gains weight. |
| What are the functions of the skin? | protection, destroys disease causing organisms, prevent water loss, sensory response, vitamin D formation, heat wastes, regulate body temperature |
| Types of skin injuries | bruises- tiny blood vessels underneath the skin burst cuts- tear in the skins |
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tft3323
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