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Biochemistry2012

QuestionAnswer
What is an atom? Simplest form of an element that retains all of the properties of that element.
What is matter? Everything in the universe is made of matter. Matter has a mass and takes up space.
What is an element? Pure substance that can not be broken down chemically into simpler kinds of matter.
What is a molecule? Form wen atoms join together. Simplest form of a substance that retains the properties of that substance.
What is an ionic bond? Ions form when an atom gains or loses an electron giving it a charge. Opposite charges attract.
What is a covalent bond? Atoms share electrons in order to get to a full outer shell of electrons. Makes them more stable.
What are reactants and products? Reactants are to the left of the arrow-What you start with. Products are to the right of the arrow-What you end with.
What are some characteristics of acids? Acids mix with water to form hydronium ions. Typically the formula begins with H. Tastes sour. Corrosive to some materials.
What are some characteristics of bases? Bases mix with water and release hydroxide ions. Typically the formula ends in OH. Also called Alkaline. Feels slippery. Tastes bitter.
What is an indicator? Chemicals that change color at different pH levels.
What is an exothermic reaction? Energy released. Feels hot.
What is endothermic reaction? Energy absorbed. Feels cold.
What are the 6 elements most commonly found in living things? Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur.
What are monomers, polymers, and macromolecules? Monomers are small simple molecules. Polymer are repeated liked monomers. Maromolecules are large polymers.
What is hydrolysis? Add water to break bonds in polymers to make monomers.
What is dehydration synthesis? Remove water molecules to form bonds between monomers to make polymers.
What are the four classes of organic compounds? Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
What is the monomer for carbohydrates called? Give some examples. Monosaccharide.(simple sugar) Glucose- energy in cells Fructose- fruit Galactose- milk
What are the dimer and polymer for carbohydrates called? Give some examples. Dimer-Disaccharide(double sugar)-lactose(milk sugar)-Sucrose(table sugar.) Polymer-polysaccharide-Glycogen(energy storage in animals)-Starch(energy storage in plants)-Cellulose(for structure in plant cells.
What are the 4 classes of complex lipids? PHOSPHOLIPIDS(make up cell membranes), TRIGLYCERIDES(saturated-all bonds are single bonds, Unsaturated-some double or triple bonds), WAX(highly waterproof, Forms protective layer in plants and animals), STEROIDS(testosterone, and cholesterol)
What does hydrophilic mean? Attracted to water molecules.
What does hydrophobic mean? Not attracted to water.
What is the monomer for protein? Amino Acids.
What are the two types of Nucleic Acids? DNA and RNA
What are enzymes? Enzymes are one type of protein. Catalyst in living things. Enzyme names ends in -ase
What is a catalyst? Reduces activation energy needed to start a reaction but is not a part of the reaction.
What is pH? Scale used by scientists to compare the relative concentrations of hydroxide and hydronium ions in a solution. 7 is neutral. Below 7 is acidic. Above 7 is basic.
What are buffers? Chemical substances that neutralize small amounts of acids or base in a solution.
What is activation energy? Energy added to start a reaction.
What element does every living thing have? Carbon
What is carbon bonding? Carbon has four valence electrons. Forms chains and rings of carbon atoms. Have functional groups which influence properties of the molecule.
What are Carbohydrates? Sugars and starches. Short term energy in the body. Contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
What are lipids? Long term energy storage in the body. Do not dissolve in water. Made up of fatty acid chains connected to an alcohol group. One end is hyrophilic other end is hydrophobic.
What makes a protein? One or more polypeptides.(three or more amino acids joined by a peptide bond by dehydration synthesis forms a polymer or polypeptide.
What is substrate? A reactants fits into enzyme like a lock and key.
Created by: musiclover1014
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