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Chemicals
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Column 1 | alkali metals |
Column 2 | alkaline- earth metals |
Column 3-12 | transition elements |
Column 13 | metalloids |
Column 17 | halogens |
Column 18 | noble gases |
H20 | 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen |
C6H1206 | 6 carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms and 6 oxygen atoms |
Mg(OH)2 | 1 magnesium atom, 2 oxygen atoms and 2 hydrogen atoms. |
Element | Is a substance made up of only 1 type of atom. E.g. Sulfur |
Compound | Is a substance made up of 2 or more DIFFERENT types of atoms chemically joined together. E.g. H20 |
Mixture | Consists of 2 or more different substances mixed together but NOT chemically combined. E.g. Air |
Non-metals | Most are gases Don't conduct electricity & not ductile Often have atoms joined together to form molecules e.g. H2, O2. |
Metals | Most found in earth's crust Mostly shiny, good conductors. Most are solids at room temp. |
Alloys | A mixture of 2 elements 1 of which is a metal. Often harder than metals. Sometimes used to prevent rusting. Have different properties (melt and boil point) |
Physical change | Easily reversible Change of state, temp, shape Don't involve formation of new chemical . Dissolving is an example of a physical change |
Chemical change | Isn't easily reversed Occurs when substance combine in different ways to form new substance |
Signs of Chemical reaction | Gas given off Change in temp Smell given off Light given off Colour change New substance made |
Combustion | You need 3 things: oxygen, fuel and heat |
Burning | Hydrogen + oxygen = water |
Metals reaction | Metals react with oxygen to form oxides |
Rusting | Chemical name- Hydrated iron oxide. For rust to occur you need water and oxygen . rusting is a chemical reaction |
Prevention of rusting- Paint | Adv. cheap Dis. friction causes it to flake |
Prevention of rusting- Oil | Adv. cheap Dis. not long lasting |
Prevention of rusting- Galvanising | Adv. long lasting, effective Dis. very expensive coat iron w/ thin layer of zinc. This reacts with oxygen instead of iron so iron doesn't rust. |
Prevention of rusting- Alloying | involves mixing iron w/ other chemical such as Carbon. dis. very expensive |
Reversing Chemical Changes | Difficult to reverse but can be done. ELECTORLYSIS is a common way of causing a compound to break down into constituent elements. E.g. water splits into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. |
Carbon dioxide | to make- add marble chips to hydrochloric acid. to test- bubble the limewater- if limewater goes from clear to cloudy then gas is carbon dioxide |
Hydrogen gas | to make- add metal- magnesium to hydrochloric acid to test- take a lit flame to the gas, if it ignites w/ squeaky pop then gas is hydrogen. |
Oxygen gas | to make- add magnesium dioxide powder to hydrogen peroxide to test- take a glowing splint to the gas. If the glowing splint relights then the gas is oxygen. |