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Chapter 8 Photosynth
Photosynthesis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Adenosine triphosphate | (ATP) compound used by cells to store and release energy |
| Heterotroph | Organism that obtains food by consuming other living things; also called a consumer |
| Autotroph | Organism that is able to capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food from inorganic compounds; also called a producer |
| Photosynthesis | Process used by plants and other autotrophs to capture light energy and use it to power chemical reactions that conver carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy rich carbohydrates such as sugars and starches |
| Pigment | Light absorbing molecule used by plants to gather the sun's energy |
| Chlorophyll | Principal pigment of plants and other photosynthetic organisms |
| Thylakoid | Saclike protein membranes found in chloroplasts |
| Stroma | Fluid portion of the chloroplast; outside the thylakoids |
| NADP+ | Carrier molecule that transfers high-energy electrons from chlorophyll to other molecules |
| Light dependent reactions | Set of reactions in photosynthesis that use energy from light to produce ATP and NADPH |
| Light independent reactions | Set of reactions in photosynthesis that do not require light; energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high- energy compounds such as sugar; also called the Calvin cycle |
| Photosystem | Cluster of chlorophyll and proteins found in thylakoids |
| Electron transport chain | Series of electron carrier proteins that shuttle high-energy electrons durin ATP-generating reactions |
| ATP synthase | Cluster of proteins that span the cell membrane and allow hydrogen ions (H+) to pass through it |
| Calvin cycle | Light -independent reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugar |